Collaborative Research: Exploring Subsistence Economies, Technological Organization, and Site Structure in Eastern Beringia

合作研究：探索东白令海峡的自给经济、技术组织和场地结构

• 批准号: 2329998
• 负责人: Francois Lanoe
• 金额: $ 12.7万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2329998&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Exploring; Subsistence; Economies

This award funds the scientific analysis of materials recovered from the site of Broken Mammoth in central Alaska. This site has figured heavily in debates about the peopling of the Americas and yielded a vast collection of artifacts and butchered animal bones--far more diverse and numerous than from other early Beringian sites. These materials hold clues to understanding human adaptations during the transition from the last Ice Age to the modern environment. Through analysis of the site collection, the research team will explore changes in foraging ecology and seasonal land use strategies, reconstruct subsistence economies, and investigate changes in site activities through time. Broader impacts include making site materials and primary data available to the scientific community, support for several students and a post-doctoral researcher, educational opportunities for Indigenous youth, and a cultural heritage summit with regional Tribal leadership. Investigations at Broken Mammoth (1989–2010) in central Alaska revealed a deeply buried site with multiple occupations dating from 13,310 to 2250 years ago, including two rare residential camps. The site has been highly influential in developing broad spectrum foraging models and has yielded the largest faunal assemblage in Beringia by species richness and count of identified specimens. However, no detailed artifact, faunal, or spatial analyses have been conducted. The project team will curate and analyze this large collection in order to reconstruct human resource and risk management strategies from initial human settlement to the recent past. The team will employ zooarchaeological, biomolecular (proteomic and genetic species identifications), and lithic technological analyses. Objectives include reconstructing site subsistence economies through time (including diet breadth and seasonal land use strategies); investigating raw material use and procurement; and identifying site structure and activity patterns through plant macrofossil, spatial and hearth biochemical analyses. This integrated analytical strategy will enable the research team to document changes in human behavior through time and link human adaptations to regional environmental dynamics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项资助对阿拉斯加中部破碎猛犸象遗址中发现的材料进行科学分析。该遗址在有关美洲人类居住的争论中占有重要地位，并产生了大量的文物和被屠宰的动物骨头——种类和数量要多得多。这些材料为了解从最后一个冰河时代到现代环境的过渡期间的人类适应提供了线索，研究小组将探索觅食生态和季节性土地利用的变化。战略，重建自给经济，并调查遗址活动随时间的变化，更广泛的影响包括向科学界提供遗址材料和主要数据，为几名学生和博士后研究员提供支持，为土著青年提供教育机会，以及建立文化。对阿拉斯加中部的破碎猛犸象（Broken Mammoth）（1989-2010）进行的遗产峰会揭示了一个深埋遗址，其历史可追溯至 13,310 至 2250 年前，其中包括两个罕见的居住营地。该地点在开发广泛的觅食模型方面具有很大的影响力，并且根据物种丰富度和已识别标本的数量，产生了白令海峡最大的动物群落。但是，项目团队尚未进行详细的人工制品、动物群或空间分析。该团队将利用动物考古学、生物分子（蛋白质组学和遗传物种鉴定）和石器技术分析来分析这一庞大的收藏品，以重建从最初的人类定居点到最近的人力资源和风险管理策略。目标包括随着时间的推移重建场地生存经济（包括饮食广度和季节性土地利用策略）；调查原材料的使用和采购；并通过植物宏观化石、空间和炉灶生化分析确定场地结构和活动模式。研究团队记录人类行为随时间的变化，并将人类适应与区域环境动态联系起来。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。