Collaborative Research: CEDAR--Higher-Order Concentric Gravity Waves in the Northern Winter Thermosphere and Ionosphere

合作研究：CEDAR——北方冬季热层和电离层的高阶同心重力波

• 批准号: 2329957
• 负责人: Sharon Vadas
• 金额: $ 72万
• 依托单位: NorthWest Research Associates, Incorporated
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-11-01 至 2026-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2329957&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; CEDAR; Higher; Order

This award will determine how the breaking of mountain waves affects space weather approximately 100-200 miles above the Earth’s surface. Mountain waves are created from the wind flowing over mountains. Mountain waves break and overturn when they get high enough above the mountains, similar to an ocean wave breaking on a beach. This process generates turbulence and large-scale waves which travel to higher heights above Earth. At 100-200 miles above the Earth’s surface, the neutral molecules in the waves collide with ions, which creates waves in the plasma called traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). Some of these TIDs look like circular rings on maps of the total electron content from GPS receivers. TIDs can cause storms in the space weather that make it difficult to communicate with the satellites that orbit Earth. Understanding how energy and momentum are transferred through atmospheric regions via several gravity wave generation and dissipation cycles including secondary and tertiary gravity wave processes (multi-step vertical coupling processes) is important. This project includes 2 undergraduate students during the summertime for the 3-year duration of this grant. This research will therefore further the development and education of a globally competitive STEM workforce and will promote the progress of science. The team will share GPS/TEC signal processing routines which will benefit the community. The main objectives of this research are to determine 1) the gravity wave (GW) characteristics and sources of concentric traveling ionospheric disturbances over the quiettime winter continental United States (CONUS) and Europe through detailed observational studies, and 2) the “multi-step vertical coupling” (MSVC) processes which create higher-order GWs in the thermosphere from orographic forcing over the winter CONUS and Europe through detailed modeling studies. Because GPS/TEC observations are dense over the CONUS and Europe, these locations provide ideal locations to study these concentric TIDs. The team will identify and analyze concentric TID events observed by GPS/TEC during quiettime December-February for 5 winters during 2012-2023, and will simulate and analyze 6-9 one-week mountain wave (MW) events with the GW-resolving HIgh Altitude Mechanistic general Circulation Model (HIAMCM). They will address SQ1: What are the GW characteristics, locations, occurrence rates, and sources of the quiettime concentric TIDs observed by GPS over the winter CONUS and Europe? and SQ2: What are the simulated coupling processes by which orographic forcing over the CONUS and Europe creates higher-order concentric GWs in the thermosphere, and what are the large-scale changes that result in the thermosphere? The methodology includes HIAMCM, a ray trace model (the Model for gravity wavE SOurce, Ray trAcing and reConstruction (MESORAC)), and publicly-available NRLMSISE-00 and HWM14 models, MERRA-2 reanalysis data, GOES and EUMETSAT satellite data and GPS/TEC data.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项将确定山浪的破裂如何影响太空天气在地球表面约100-200英里处。山波是由山上流过的风产生的。当山脉高高到山上时，海浪爆裂和倾斜，类似于海滩上的海浪破裂。这个过程产生湍流和大规模波，这些波浪传播到地球上方高度的高度。在地球表面上方100-200英里处，波浪中的中性分子与离子碰撞，这在称为行进电离层灾难（TIDS）的血浆中产生波。其中一些TID看起来像GPS接收器总电子内容的地图上的圆环。在太空天气中，TID可能会引起风暴，这使得很难与轨道轨道的卫星通信。了解如何通过几个重力波产生和耗散周期（包括次级和三级重力波过程（多步垂直耦合过程））通过大气区域传递能量和动量。该项目在夏季期间包括2名本科生，在本赠款的3年期间。因此，这项研究将进一步促进全球竞争性STEM劳动力的发展和教育，并将促进科学的进步。团队将分享GPS/TEC信号处理程序，这将使社区受益。这项研究的主要目的是确定1）在安静的时间冬季连续的美国（conus）和欧洲，同心旅行离子灾难的重力波（GW）特征和来源通过详细的观察性研究，以及2）“多步垂直耦合”的过程创建了较高的范围，从而创建了较高的范围，从而在详细的范围内进行了详细的范围，从而在详细的范围内进行了构图或欧洲的范围，以详细的范围或欧洲进行了或者，这些过程逐渐供应了详细的范围。由于GPS/TEC的观察结果在圆锥和欧洲上密集，因此这些位置提供了研究这些同心潮流的理想位置。该团队将在2012 - 2023年12月至12月的安静时间中识别和分析GPS/TEC在2012年至2023年的5个冬季观察到的同心潮汐事件，并将使用GW解决高海拔机械性机械循环模型（HIAMCM）模拟和分析6-9个单周的山波（MW）事件。他们将解决SQ1：GP在冬季和欧洲观察到的GP的GW特征，位置，发生率以及安静的同心潮流的来源是什么？和SQ2：模拟耦合过程是什么，在圆锥和欧洲上强迫强迫的地形强迫在热层中产生了高阶同心GW，以及导致热圈导致的大规模变化是什么？ The methodology includes HIAMCM, a ray trace model (the Model for gravity wavE SOurce, Ray trAcing and reConstruction (MESORAC)), and publicly-available NRLMSISE-00 and HWM14 models, MERRA-2 reanalysis data, GOES and EUMETSAT satellite data and GPS/TEC data.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed precious of support through evaluation using the Foundation's智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准。