Collaborative Research: SaTC: CORE: Small: Accountability for Central Bank Digital Currency

协作研究：SaTC：核心：小型：中央银行数字货币的责任

• 批准号: 2325477
• 负责人: Giulia Fanti
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2325477&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; SaTC; CORE; Small

Today, several central banks worldwide are actively exploring the deployment of a centrally-banked digital currency (CBDC). A (retail) CBDC is central bank money that is (a) digital in nature, and (b) widely accessible to the public. Some of the proposed benefits of CBDCs include greater flexibility in implementing monetary policy, improved financial inclusion, and more efficient money transfers at lower fees. However, many fear that CBDCs will make it easier for cybercriminals to attack the financial system. For example, a CBDC might make it easier for malicious users to steal central bank money by spending the same digital token in two places. These security concerns are commonly addressed with algorithmic and cryptographic advances, often at the cost of serious performance degradations. The project’s novelty lies in exploring an alternate approach to CBDC security: accountability. That is, if a cybercriminal misbehaves in a CBDC, the underlying protocol should be rich enough to prove, cryptographically, who was the culprit. The project’s broader significance and importance is that it can impact the design and development of secure-by-design CBDCs.  The project studies accountability at the consensus and application layers of a canonical CBDC. At each layer, the project first modifies existing algorithms (e.g., consensus, anti money laundering restrictions) to provide provable accountability. These modifications require innovations in distributed systems and/or cryptography. The project also studies the fundamental performance costs of accountability, both theoretically and in practice. The performance cost of these algorithms is evaluated empirically in implementations, which are integrated with OpenCBDC, an open-source CBDC implementation that was developed and maintained by the MIT Digital Currency Initiative in collaboration with the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

如今，全世界的几家中央银行正在积极探索中央银行数字货币（CBDC）的部署。 A（零售）CBDC是中央银行的货币，它是（a）数字本质上的，（b）公众可以广泛使用。 CBDC的一些提议的好处包括更大的灵活性，以较低的费用以较低的费用实施货币政策，改善财务包容性以及更有效的货币转移。但是，许多人担心CBDC会使网络犯罪分子更容易攻击金融系统。例如，CBDC可能会使恶意用户更容易通过在两个地方花费同一数字令牌来窃取中央银行的钱。这些安全问题通常以算法和加密进展来解决，通常是以严重的性能下降为代价。该项目的新颖性在于探索CBDC安全性的另一种方法：问责制。也就是说，如果CBDC中的网络犯罪分子小马，那么基础方案应该足够丰富，可以证明是罪魁祸首的密码。该项目更广泛的意义和重要性是，它可以影响划分和开发CBDC的设计和开发。该项目研究了规范CBDC的共识和应用层的责任制。在每一层中，该项目首先修改现有算法（例如共识，反洗钱限制），以提供可证明的问责制。这些修改需要在分布式系统和/或密码学中进行创新。该项目还研究了理论和实践中问责制的基本绩效成本。这些算法的性能成本在经验上是在实施中评估的，该实施与OpenCBDC集成在一起，OpenCBDC是由MIT数字货币计划与波士顿联邦储备银行合作开发和维护的，它是由波士顿的联邦奖项合作的。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，反映了通过评估的诚实构成的依据，该奖项已被评估构成的构造师的构成师的宗旨。