Collaborative Research: Evaluating and parameterizing wind stress over ocean surface waves using integrated high-resolution imaging and numerical simulations

合作研究：利用集成高分辨率成像和数值模拟评估和参数化海洋表面波浪的风应力

• 批准号: 2319535
• 负责人: Kianoosh Yousefi
• 金额: $ 32.33万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Dallas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2319535&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Evaluating; parameterizing; wind

The small-scale dynamics above/below the ocean surface are crucial for wind-wave coupling and govern the air-sea exchanges of mass, momentum, heat, and energy. In particular, surface waves and the corresponding generation of turbulence, breaking waves, and bubbles profoundly affect the roughness of the surface and determine the wind stress at a given wind speed. Although many studies have investigated the impact of water waves on wind stress, the present parameterizations lag behind actual needs. In this project, an interdisciplinary team of investigators (with backgrounds in physical oceanography, air-sea interactions, and atmospheric sciences) will leverage recent advances in infrared imaging of waves and high-resolution modeling to develop a sea-state-dependent numerical algorithm that estimates the wind stress accurately for models that cannot explicitly resolve the air flow over waves. Such models are used for many research, engineering, and planning applications, including physical oceanography, meteorology, climatology, and coastal engineering, among others. The project is highly interdisciplinary and will give the participating students valuable experience interacting with researchers outside their core disciplines. It will also broaden participation in science through the recruitment of students from under-represented groups at the University of Texas at Dallas (UT Dallas) and Columbia University through established programs. The knowledge and data generated by this research will be incorporated into the educational programs of both institutions. For example, at UT Dallas, the PI will introduce new under- and graduate-level courses on Wave Dynamics and Air-Sea Interactions into the engineering curricula. Further, PIs will participate in the Skype a Scientist program that provides middle and high school students opportunities to talk about basic science-related topics. As part of this project, two graduate students will receive interdisciplinary training in turbulent air-sea interactions, and an early career scientist who leads the project will gain valuable experience working with two experienced scientists.The wind stress at the ocean surface is a crucial parameter for ocean, atmosphere, and surface wave models. Although progress has been made in understanding how the air-sea fluxes are modified by different sea states, detailed investigations of the wind stress and drag coefficient above waves remain rare, and the specific processes governing wave-mediated transfers of momentum are not well understood. Most operational atmospheric models use a simple bulk parameterization based on the equivalent surface roughness. Using existing integrated laboratory measurements of surface stress (Co-PI Zappa) and high-fidelity digital twin simulations of turbulent flow above ocean waves (PI Yousefi and Co-PI Giometto), this collaborative research project is anticipated to lead to a sea-state-dependent parameterization of surface stress based on a dynamic reduced-order modeling. This integrated approach will allow the PIs to specifically (1) investigate the variability of wind stress and its partitioning (i.e., the skin friction and form drag) over ocean waves under a range of wind-wave regimes, (2) examine the scale-invariance and self-consistency arguments of the surface drag over water waves, and (3) develop a wall-layer model for LES of wind over ocean wavefield to investigate the air-sea fluxes in strongly forced conditions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海面上方/下方的小尺度动力学对于风波耦合至关重要，并控制质量，动量，热量和能量的空气 - 交换。特别是，表面波和相应的湍流产生，破裂波和气泡深刻影响表面的粗糙度，并在给定的风速下确定风应力。 尽管许多研究调查了水波对风应力的影响，但目前的参数却落后于实际需求。在这个项目中，一个研究人员的跨学科团队（具有物理海洋学，空气相互作用和大气科学的背景）将利用波浪和高分辨率建模的红外成像的最新进展来开发依赖海态依赖的数值数值算法，从而可以准确地估算无法估算型号的风力压力，这些模型无法显性地解决空气流动的范围。此类模型用于许多研究，工程和规划应用，包括物理海洋学，气象，气候和沿海工程等。该项目是高度跨学科的，将为参与的学生提供与核心学科以外的研究人员互动的宝贵经验。它还将通过从代表性不足的群体中招募德克萨斯大学达拉斯大学（UT达拉斯）和哥伦比亚大学通过既定课程的学生招募学生来扩大科学的参与。这项研究产生的知识和数据将纳入两个机构的教育计划中。例如，在UT Dallas，PI将在工程课程中引入有关波动动力学和空气相互作用的新的下层和研究生水平课程。此外，PI将参加Skype的一项科学家计划，该计划为中学和高中生提供了谈论与科学相关的主题的机会。作为该项目的一部分，两名研究生将接受湍流空气相互作用的跨学科培训，一位领导该项目的早期职业科学家将获得与两位经验丰富的科学家一起工作的宝贵经验。海面的风压力是海洋，大气和表面波模型的重要参数。尽管在理解空气通量如何通过不同的海州修饰方面取得了进展，但对波浪上方的风应力和阻力系数进行了详细研究仍然很少见，并且尚不清楚控制波动介导的动量转移的特定过程。大多数操作大气模型都基于等效的表面粗糙度使用简单的大量参数化。使用表面应力（Co-Pi Zappa）的现有集成实验室测量值和高保真数字双基对海浪上方的湍流（Pi Yousefi和Co-Pi Giometto）的湍流模拟，该协作研究项目预计将导致基于动态减小阶的动态降低的模型，导致SEA-State依赖于SEA-State的表面应力。 This integrated approach will allow the PIs to specifically (1) investigate the variability of wind stress and its partitioning (i.e., the skin friction and form drag) over ocean waves under a range of wind-wave regimes, (2) examine the scale-invariance and self-consistency arguments of the surface drag over water waves, and (3) develop a wall-layer model for LES of wind over ocean wavefield to investigate the air-sea fluxes in strongly forced条件。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估值得支持。