ECO-CBET: GOALI: Condensing water from the air for building dehumidification and decarbonization using thermo-responsive desiccants

ECO-CBET：GOALI：使用热敏干燥剂从空气中冷凝水，用于建筑除湿和脱碳

• 批准号: 2318720
• 负责人: SHUANG CUI
• 金额: $ 166.97万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Dallas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2027-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2318720&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ECO; CBET; GOALI; Condensing; water

2318720 (Shuang). Managing the humidity of buildings is essential for maintaining occupant comfort, reducing defects in moisture-sensitive manufacturing (e.g., semiconductors), and preventing foodborne pathogens in food preservation. Existing Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning (HVAC) systems rely on either cold surface condensation or hygroscopic materials as desiccants to remove moisture from air. However, this is an energy-inefficient process due to the low-temperature setpoint essential for sufficient moisture condensation and the extra energy required to overcome significant enthalpy of vaporization in dehumidification. Currently, humidity control in buildings alone is responsible for 600 million tons of CO2 annually. Hence, efficient air dehumidification represents an excellent opportunity to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions to facilitate the sustainability and decarbonization movement and counteract climate change. The vision of this convergent project is to initiate and establish high-efficiency dehumidification systems that directly condense water from the air through collaborative and interdisciplinary efforts in building sustainability, thermal transport, civil engineering, and chemical engineering. This fundamental research promoting more efficient building dehumidification will directly benefit national health and national manufacturing. Furthermore, the research is closely integrated with interdisciplinary environmental research training for college students and early-career scientists, which will benefit the STEM workforce.This project pursues energy-efficient dehumidification utilizing Thermo-Responsive (TR) desiccants with temperature-dependent adsorption isotherms—benefiting from the thermo-responsive switchable hydrophilicity below and above the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST)—and high adsorption capacity. In addition, the thermo-responsiveness of TR desiccants breaks traditional desiccants’ fixed affinity to water, which allows for the release of water in liquid form and avoids the high energy requirements of water vaporization in traditional desiccants during the regeneration. The project will (1) develop durable TR desiccants with tunable LCSTs and optimum temperature-dependent adsorption isotherms for different dehumidification conditions, (2) improve the heat and mass transfer rate of TR desiccant wheels by optimizing the design parameters through modeling and experimental validation, (3) develop techniques to remove the adsorbed water in liquid form, and (4) evaluate the efficiency of the TR desiccant wheel in the dehumidification system by performing a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiment. The proposed TR desiccant wheel with temperature-dependent adsorption isotherms leads to low regeneration temperatures and the potential to bypass the heat of evaporation. The unique property of desorbing the adsorbed moisture in the liquid form during the regeneration saves up to 6x energy compared to traditional approaches in HVAC application, which saves up to 30% carbon emission. Moreover, condensed water from the air can be collected and used to alleviate water scarcity in building operations in arid climates.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2318720（Shuang）。管理建筑物的湿度对于维持乘员舒适，减少对水分敏感的制造（例如半导体）的缺陷以及预防食物制备中的食源性病原体至关重要。现有的供暖，通风和空调（HVAC）系统依赖于冷表面冷凝或湿润材料作为干燥剂来清除空气中的水分。但是，由于低温设定值对于足够的水分凝结必不可少的设定值以及克服非湿度的显着分散焓所需的额外能量，这是一个能量的过程。目前，仅建筑物中的湿度控制就会每年造成6亿吨二氧化碳。因此，有效的空气除湿是减少能源使用和温室气体排放的绝佳机会，以促进可持续性和脱碳运动和抵消气候变化。这个融合项目的愿景是启动和建立高效的除湿系统，该系统通过协作和跨学科的努力直接从空中浓缩水，以建立可持续性，热运输，土木工程和化学工程。这项基本研究促进更有效的建筑物除湿将直接受益于国家卫生和国家制造业。此外，这项研究与针对大学生和早期护理科学家的跨学科环境研究培训紧密整合，这将使STEM劳动力受益。该项目通过使用温度依赖性的温度和较低的水分液（降低了热量的水分）来追求节能的除湿（TR）的热响应（TR），以下（LCST） - 高添加吸附能力。此外，TR干燥剂的热反应破坏了传统的干燥剂对水的固定亲和力，这允许以液体形式释放水，并避免在再生过程中传统干燥剂中水分散体的高能量需求。该项目将（1）开发具有可调LCST的耐用TR污剂，并为不同的除湿条件的最佳温度依赖性添加等温和等温度，（（2）（2）通过建模和实验性验证来优化设计参数的TR Desicccant车轮的热量和质量传递速率，（3）在液体中进行效率（3），（3）效率（3）效率（3））（3）（3）（3）除湿系统通过执行硬件（HIL）实验。拟议的具有温度依赖性吸附等温线的理想的TR可以导致更低的再生温度和绕过经济热量的潜力。与HVAC应用中的传统方法相比，在再生过程中以液态吸附水分以液态为单位的独特特性可节省6倍的能量，这可以节省高达30％的碳排放。此外，可以收集空气中的冷凝水，并用于减轻干旱气候中建筑物的水缺乏。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响评估标准来评估NSF的法定任务。