Postdoctoral Fellowship: OPP-PRF: Investigating Polar Geomagnetic Signatures Associated with Substorm Onset to Address Data Gaps in Southern Hemisphere Space Weather Research

博士后奖学金：OPP-PRF：研究与亚暴爆发相关的极地地磁特征，以解决南半球空间天气研究中的数据差距

• 批准号: 2317994
• 负责人: Michelle Salzano
• 金额: $ 32.46万
• 依托单位: SPACE SCIENCE INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2317994&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Postdoctoral; Fellowship; OPP; PRF; Investigating

Space is often considered a vacuum, but it is home of various electromagnetic fields and charged particles called plasma. Variations in these fields and plasma can be called “space weather”, and these space weather events may severely impact various human-deployed technological networks in several ways, including interfering with GPS technologies and causing vast electric power blackouts. Geomagnetic substorms in polar regions are daily space weather events and these are typically identified and studied using Auroral Electrojet (AE) indices, which are compiled using ground-based geomagnetic field variation measurements. However, while AE indices exist in the Northern Hemisphere, there are no such indices developed for the Southern Hemisphere. There simply is not enough land to have appropriately placed and spaced geomagnetic instruments. However, this is important because there are interhemispheric asymmetries between the northern and southern polar regions. In other words, the two hemispheres are not identical, so it cannot be assumed that substorm observations from the northern auroral zone are compatible with research done in the southern polar areas. As the interhemispheric asymmetries in substorm research are also not often able to be evaluated, this award will be addressing the southern polar regions’ data gap by investigating potential alternate methods to identify southern polar substorms. The Pi1B waves are a type of natural Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) waves characterized by broadband bursts in the Pi1 range (1 – 40 second periods). Substorm onsets are well correlated with Pi1B waves in the evening to post-midnight sectors, and it was suggested in the geospace literature that Pi1B waves could be used to monitor polar substorms development. This award will use a mix of existing, publicly available ground-based magnetometer data and in-situ satellite measurements to identify and compare both the substorm onsets and Pi1B waves. This research will address the following outstanding science questions: (1) Are Pi1B waves a proxy for Auroral Electrojet intensification associated with substorm onset; (2) If so, how does the Pi1B proxy compare with existing proxies based on the AE and other geomagnetic indices; and (3) What are physical mechanisms that can explain connections between the Pi1B waves and substorm onsets.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

空间通常被认为是真空的，但它是各种电磁场和称为等离子体的带电颗粒的所在地。这些领域和等离子体的变化可以称为“太空天气”，这些太空天气事件可能会以多种方式影响各种人类部署的技术网络，包括干扰GPS技术并导致巨大的电力停电。极性区域的地磁实量是日常空间天气事件，通常使用极光电泽（AE）指数来识别这些事件，并使用基于地面的地磁磁场变化测量结果进行了研究。但是，尽管北半球存在AE指数，但没有为南半球开发出这种指数。根本没有足够的土地来适当放置和间隔的地磁仪器。但是，这很重要，因为北极区域和南极区域之间存在半球间的不对称性。换句话说，两个半球并不相同，因此不能假设来自北极区域的接种观测值与南极地区的研究兼容。由于也经常无法评估实体研究中的半明球不对称性，因此该奖项将通过调查鉴定南极区域的潜在替代方法来解决南极区域的数据差距。 PI1b波是一种天然超低频（ULF）波，其特征是PI1范围内的宽带爆发（1 - 40秒）。夜间与午夜部门相关的实体与PI1B波很好地相关，并且在Geospace文献中建议使用PI1B波来监测极性近代的发展。该奖项将使用现有的，公开可用的地面磁力计数据和原位卫星测量的混合，以识别和比较替代型和PI1B波。这项研究将解决以下杰出的科学问题：（1）PI1B波是与替代剂发作相关的极光电泽的替代； （2）如果是这样，PI1B代理如何与基于AE和其他地磁指数的现有代理进行比较； （3）哪些物理机制可以解释PI1B波和实体攻击之间的联系。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，通过评估被认为是珍贵的支持。