Evaluation and quantification of microbial degradation of allochthonous organic matter by "priming" (MicroPrime)

通过“引发”对异地有机物的微生物降解进行评估和定量（MicroPrime）

• 批准号: 256575941
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Hans-Peter Grossart
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung 3: Plankton- und mikrobielle Ökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/256575941?language=en
• 关键词: Evaluation; quantification; microbial; degradation; allochthonous

The main goal of this project is to characterize future changes in aquatic C-cycling via microbial mechanisms, in particular by focusing on priming effects, which have been little studied in aquatic ecosystems. Depending on environmental conditions, priming can either stimulate or inhibit microbial C-cycling. Therefore, we aim to unravel future changes in the role of priming via compound specific stable isotope analysis (e.g. 13C/12C ratio in microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA)) both in field and laboratory experiments. We intend to developing suitable protocols to combine PLFA analyses with molecular methods, e.g. stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP; RNA-SIP), in particular for bacteria and fungi. This study aims to determine the impact of terrigenous OC input on priming effects, and hence on the aquatic-terrestrial coupling as well as their role for C-cycling in aquatic systems affected by global change. To our knowledge, this will be the first study testing for the metabolic transfer of 13C-labled OC from both, labile and recalcitrant OC-pools in one approach and hence investigating the underlying mechanisms of priming effects in aquatic ecosystems. Both C-pools will be supplied with different pulsing-regimes and nutrient-conditions to unravel effects of labile-OM-availability on recalcitrant organic matter (OM) degradation processes. In the first phase, laboratory experiments consisting of defined microorganisms with well characterized abilities to degrade defined substrates will be carried out and thus enable studies on basic mechanisms, interactions between organisms and their role for OM degradation. Special emphasis will be set on the role of fungi in aquatic mineralization processes. We first want to elucidate basic mechanisms concerning priming, synergistic effects of bacteria and fungi in these processes and quantify which parts of the OM-pool (labile vs. recalcitrant) are respired or incorporated into microbial biomass. In a second phase, the role of characterized basic mechanisms and organism-interactions for OM cycling will be studied using natural communities, different time courses of C-additions (pulsing to simulate more frequent inputs of C in aquatic systems) and different nutrient conditions in the medium (elemental stoichiometry). Later in a third phase, these studies will be extended to much more complex environmental conditions by using mesocosm-experiments (http://www.lake-lab.de/). Here we mainly want to challenge our gained knowledge from phase one and two under environmental conditions, in particular addressing particle fluxes under natural conditions. Our modular approach will enable us to elucidate the role of priming in C-cycling in the water column as well as at aquatic-terrestrial interfaces and hence to improve C-budgets in aquatic systems.

该项目的主要目标是通过微生物机制来描述水生碳循环的未来变化，特别是关注启动效应，而这在水生生态系统中很少被研究。根据环境条件，启动可以刺激或抑制微生物 C 循环。因此，我们的目标是在现场和实验室实验中通过化合物特异性稳定同位素分析（例如微生物磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）中的 13C/12C 比率）来揭示引发作用的未来变化。我们打算开发合适的方案将 PLFA 分析与分子方法相结合，例如稳定同位素探测（DNA-SIP；RNA-SIP），特别是针对细菌和真菌。本研究旨在确定陆源有机碳输入对启动效应的影响，从而确定对水陆耦合的影响，以及它们在受全球变化影响的水生系统中碳循环的作用。据我们所知，这将是第一项以一种方法测试来自不稳定和顽固 OC 库的 13C 标记 OC 代谢转移的研究，从而研究水生生态系统中启动效应的潜在机制。两个 C 库都将提供不同的脉冲机制和营养条件，以揭示不稳定的 OM 可用性对顽固有机物 (OM) 降解过程的影响。在第一阶段，将进行由具有良好降解特定底物能力的特定微生物组成的实验室实验，从而能够研究基本机制、生物体之间的相互作用及其在 OM 降解中的作用。将特别强调真菌在水生矿化过程中的作用。我们首先想要阐明有关细菌和真菌在这些过程中的启动、协同效应的基本机制，并量化 OM 池的哪些部分（不稳定的与顽固的）被呼吸或并入微生物生物量。在第二阶段，将利用自然群落、不同的 C 添加时间过程（脉冲模拟水生系统中更频繁的 C 输入）和不同的营养条件来研究 OM 循环的特征基本机制和生物体相互作用的作用。介质（元素化学​​计量）。稍后在第三阶段，这些研究将通过使用中宇宙实验（http://www.lake-lab.de/）扩展到更复杂的环境条件。在这里，我们主要想挑战我们在环境条件下从第一阶段和第二阶段获得的知识，特别是解决自然条件下的颗粒通量。我们的模块化方法将使我们能够阐明启动在水体以及水生-陆地界面的碳循环中的作用，从而改善水生系统的碳预算。

项目成果

Effects of zooplankton carcasses degradation on freshwater bacterial community composition and implications for carbon cycling

浮游动物尸体降解对淡水细菌群落组成的影响及其对碳循环的影响

• DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14418
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: bioRxiv
• 作者: Kolmakova; O.V.; Gladyshev; M.I.; Fonvielle; J.A.; Ganzert; L.; Hornick; T.; Grossart; H.
• 通讯作者: H.

Transformation of humic substances by the freshwater Ascomycete Cladosporium sp.

淡水子囊菌枝孢菌对腐殖质的转化。

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.10545
• 发表时间: 2017-09-01
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Keilor Rojas‐Jimenez;Jérémy A. Fonvielle;Hua Ma;H. Grossart
• 通讯作者: H. Grossart

Organic Particles: Heterogeneous Hubs for Microbial Interactions in Aquatic Ecosystems

• DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02569
• 发表时间: 2018-10-26
• 期刊: Frontiers in Microbiology
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Mina Bižić;Danny Ionescu;H. Grossart
• 通讯作者: H. Grossart

Fungi in aquatic ecosystems

• DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0175-8
• 发表时间: 2019-03-12
• 期刊: Nature Reviews Microbiology
• 影响因子: 88.1
• 作者: H. Grossart;Silke Van den Wyngaert;M. Kagami;C. Wurzbacher;M. Cunliffe;Keilor Rojas‐Jimenez
• 通讯作者: Keilor Rojas‐Jimenez

The contrasting roles of aquatic fungi and oomycetes in the degradation and transformation of polymeric organic matter

水生真菌和卵菌在高分子有机物降解和转化中的对比作用

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11242
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Masigol; H.; Khodaparast; S.A.; Woodhouse; J.N.; Rojas‐Jimenez; K.; Fonvielle; J.; Rezakhani; F.; Mostowfizadeh‐Ghalamfarsa; R.; Neubauer; D.; Goldhammer; T.; Grossart; H.
• 通讯作者: H.