Quantification in Old Italian

古意大利语的量化

• 批准号: 256240798
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Guido Mensching
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Romanische Sprachen und Literaturen
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/256240798?language=en
• 关键词: Quantification; Old; Italian

The aim of the project, implemented in April 2015, is to analyze the Old Italian (OI, =Old Florentine) quantifier system. This system is known (i) to diverge from the Modern Italian system and (ii) to display phenomena that are of a general theoretical interest. In the first part of the project (ending in March 2017), we have extracted around 4.200 examples containing the quantifiers niente, neuno, alcuno, veruno, tutto, nullo, nessuno from the OVI Corpus of Old Italian. These data were fed into data tables, classified, and analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. To give only a few examples of our results, which we presented in a large number of talks and one published article, we were able to analyze the use of cosa 'thing' as a kind of light noun combining with several quantifiers; alcuno 'some(one)' functioned as a negative polarity item in OI and interacted with negation and negative quantifiers in an intricate way. Our investigation of negative elements or n-words has shown that they can have different interpretations according to different structural positions. To understand these properties, we had to reexamine the mechanisms of negation in OI. In this context, we managed to show, among others, that what is usually described as Old Romance optional negative concord is only apparent in OI.As for the database under construction, we classified all data along a grid of certain syntactic and semantic properties of the quantifiers and the sentences in which they are embedded; these properties are expressed by a series of labels (tags). We have initiated a cooperation with G. Di Nunzio of the University of Padua, who is implementing our tagset into the database system used for the Syntactic Atlas of Italy (ASIt), and we are beginning to export our data to this system.The prolongation of the project aims at completing the empirical overview we started acquiring by gathering around 7.500 samples of the remaining quantifiers (mainly molto, parecchio; distributive quantifiers such as ogni, chiunque, ciascun, catun; and existential quantifiers of the type qual-X) and to implement them into the ASIt database system, together with the data we already have (goal 1). Thanks to the specific tagging we developed, these data will be evaluated to answer a large series of research questions concerning the syntax, the semantics and the pragmatics of OI quantifiers (goal 2). From the theoretical point of view, we aim at analyzing the internal structure of OI QPs, including issues of word-order alternations and discontinuity (goal 3), and at analyzing the internal structure of Q heads and the evolution of the OI quantifier system in general across the three periods we have defined (goal 4). Finally, we will investigate whether (and how) OI Qs can be analyzed compositionally (goal 5), and what changes have occurred so as to yield the MI system (goal 6).

该项目于 2015 年 4 月实施，旨在分析古意大利语（OI，=古佛罗伦萨）量词系统。众所周知，该系统（i）与现代意大利系统不同，并且（ii）显示了具有普遍理论意义的现象。在该项目的第一部分（于 2017 年 3 月结束）中，我们从古意大利语 OVI 语料库中提取了大约 4,200 个包含量词 niente、neuno、alcuno、veruno、tutto、nullo、nessuno 的示例。这些数据被输入数据表、分类并进行定量和定性分析。仅举几个我们在大量演讲和一篇发表的文章中展示的结果的例子，我们能够分析 cosa“thing”作为一种轻名词与几个量词相结合的使用； alcuno 'some(one)' 在 OI 中充当负极性项目，并以复杂的方式与否定和负量词相互作用。我们对否定元素或n个词的研究表明，根据不同的结构位置，它们可以有不同的解释。为了理解这些特性，我们必须重新审视 OI 中的否定机制。在这种情况下，我们设法表明，除其他外，通常被描述为旧浪漫可选否定和谐的东西仅在 OI 中明显。至于正在构建的数据库，我们沿着特定句法和语义属性的网格对所有数据进行分类。量词及其嵌入的句子；这些属性由一系列标签（tags）来表达。我们已经开始与帕多瓦大学的 G. Di Nunzio 合作，他正在将我们的标签集实施到意大利句法图集 (ASIt) 使用的数据库系统中，并且我们开始将我们的数据导出到该系统。该项目的目的是完成我们通过收集剩余量词的大约 7,500 个样本（主要是 molto、parecchio；分配量词，如 ogni、chiunque、 ciascun、catun；以及 qual-X 类型的存在量词）并将它们与我们已有的数据一起实现到 ASIt 数据库系统中（目标 1）。由于我们开发了特定的标签，这些数据将被评估，以回答有关 OI 量词的语法、语义和语用的一系列研究问题（目标 2）。从理论角度来看，我们的目标是分析OI QP的内部结构，包括词序交替和不连续性问题（目标3），并分析Q头的内部结构和OI量词系统的演化。我们定义的三个时期的总体情况（目标 4）。最后，我们将研究是否（以及如何）可以对 OI Q 进行组合分析（目标 5），以及发生了哪些变化以产生 MI 系统（目标 6）。