Collaborative Research: Testing General Relativity with Gravitational-Wave Observations

合作研究：用引力波观测检验广义相对论

• 批准号: 2308886
• 负责人: Bangalore Sathyaprakash
• 金额: $ 35.88万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-01 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2308886&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Testing; General; Relativity

A collaboration between research groups at the University of Mississippi and Pennsylvania State University will use data from upcoming observations of LIGO and other detectors around the world to subject Einstein’s theory of space, time and gravity to new precision tests. Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity has been a highly successful theory of physics whose prediction of the bending of light was famously confirmed by Sir Arthur Eddington more than a hundred years ago. That same theory predicted the existence of gravitational waves–a new kind of radiation that is produced in extreme astronomical phenomena such as colliding black holes. On September 14, 2015, NSF's Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detected for the first-time gravitational waves from two colliding black holes. Since then, almost 100 such events have been observed. Gravitational waves from colliding black holes are the best grounds for testing if Einstein’s theory is the correct description of spacetime and gravity. Although Einstein’s theory has been remarkably successful in explaining precision terrestrial experiments and astronomical observations, there are hints that the theory is incomplete. Researchers at the University of Mississippi and Penn State have found a way to combine data from multiple events to increase the efficacy of the methods used. They will make use of sophisticated statistical inference tools to ascertain that the results are sound and are of high confidence, but at the same time make sure that noise artifacts in the data and other unrelated physical effects are not misinterpreted as a failure of the theory. The groups will train students in standard scientific practices and advanced analysis techniques and provide them with a platform to work with experts in gravitational wave astronomy globally. The team will also organize Physics and Astrophysics at the 'eXtreme' workshops to stimulate novel ideas via panel discussions and brainstorming sessions.The improved sensitivities of LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA to detect gravitational waves over the next three years will allow the detection of hundreds of colliding neutron stars and black holes. These collisions will release vast amounts of energy into gravitational waves and the detected signals carry the signature of relativistic gravity in action in unprecedented detail and will have the potential to falsify general relativity (GR). Due to the enormous success of GR in explaining observational and experimental results, the prior probability that the theory is correct is very high. Falsifying GR will require robust statistical inference that accounts for missing physics in the waveform models used in detection and measurement and mitigation of artifacts due to non-stationary noise. For example, most of the current tests assume that binary black holes are in quasi-circular orbits in vacuum, but this is not necessarily true. The principal goal of the study is to strengthen the standard tests of GR using singular value decomposition and to implement a new test utilizing the multipole structure of the emitted waves. These refined tests could reveal GR violations present in high-fidelity signals. It is vital, however, to have a comprehensive list of systematic effects that could be misinterpreted as a GR violation. The second principal goal is to assemble such a list, explore their effect on the various tests of GR, and prepare the collaboration to account for false alarms. This two-pronged approach reinforces the impact of the tests of GR undertaken by the collaborations, while preparing the path to discovering new physics should it show up in the data.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

密西西比大学和宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究小组合作，将利用即将对 LIGO 和世界各地其他探测器进行观测的数据，对爱因斯坦的空间、时间和引力理论进行新的精确测试。这是一个非常成功的物理理论，其对光弯曲的预测在一百多年前就被阿瑟·爱丁顿爵士证实了，同样的理论还预测了引力波的存在——一种在极端条件下产生的新型辐射。 2015 年 9 月 14 日，美国国家科学基金会 (NSF) 的激光干涉仪引力波天文台 (LIGO) 首次探测到来自两个黑洞碰撞的引力波，此后，已观测到近 100 起此类事件。来自碰撞黑洞的波是检验爱因斯坦理论是否正确描述时空和引力的最佳依据。尽管该理论在解释精确的陆地实验和天文观测方面取得了巨大成功，但有迹象表明该理论并不完整，密西西比大学和宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员已经找到了一种方法，可以将多个事件的数据结合起来，以提高所用方法的有效性。他们将利用复杂的统计推断工具来确定结果是合理的并且具有高可信度，但同时确保数据中的噪声伪影和其他不相关的物理效应不会被误解为理论的失败。团体将为学生提供标准科学实践和先进分析技术的培训，并为他们提供与全球引力波天文学专家合作的平台。该团队还将在“极限”研讨会上组织物理学和天体物理学，通过小组讨论和头脑风暴激发新的想法。未来三年，LIGO、Virgo 和 KAGRA 探测引力波的灵敏度将得到提高，将能够探测到数百颗碰撞的中子星和黑洞。这些碰撞将释放出引力波。大量能量转化为引力波，检测到的信号以前所未有的细节携带着相对论引力的特征，并且有可能证伪广义相对论（GR）。由于广义相对论在解释观测和实验结果方面取得了巨大成功，该理论正确的先验概率非常高，需要强大的统计推断来解释用于检测和测量以及减轻非平稳噪声造成的伪影的波形模型中缺失的物理现象。测试假设双黑洞在真空中处于准圆形轨道，但这并不一定正确。这项研究的主要目标是加强使用奇异值分解的广义相对论的标准测试，并利用多极结构实施新的测试。然而，这些精确的测试可以揭示高保真信号中存在的 GR 违规行为，而拥有一份可能被误解为 GR 违规行为的全面列表是至关重要的。列出一个列表，探讨它们的影响这种双管齐下的方法加强了合作进行的广义相对论测试的影响，同时为发现新物理现象（如果它出现在数据中）做好了准备。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Multiparameter multipolar test of general relativity with gravitational waves

广义相对论引力波多参数多极检验

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.109.064036
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Mahapatra, Parthapratim;Kastha, Shilpa;Gupta, Anuradha;Sathyaprakash, B. S.;Arun, K. G.
• 通讯作者: Arun, K. G.

Prospects for direct detection of black hole formation in neutron star mergers with next-generation gravitational-wave detectors

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.109.044071
• 发表时间: 2024-02-28
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Dhani，Arnab;Radice，David;Kashyap，Rahul
• 通讯作者: Kashyap，Rahul

GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the Second Part of the Third Observing Run

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.13.041039
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: Physical Review X
• 影响因子: 12.5
• 作者: The Ligo Scientific Collaboration;The Virgo Collaboration;T. Abbott;T. Abbott;F. Acernese;K. Ackley;C. Adams;N. Adhikari;R. Adhikari;V. Adya;C. Affeldt;D. Agarwal;M. Agathos;K. Agatsuma;N. Aggarwal;O. Aguiar;L. Aiello;A. Ain;P. Ajith;S. Akçay;T. Akutsu;S. Albanesi;A. Allocca;P. Altin;A. Amato;C. Anand;S. Anand;A. Ananyeva;S. Anderson;W. Anderson;M. Ando;T. Andrade;N. Andrés;T. Andri'c;S. Angelova;S. Ansoldi;J. Antelis;S. Antier;S. Appert;K. Arai;K. Arai;Y. Arai;S. Araki;A. Araya;M. Araya;J. Areeda;M. Arène;N. Aritomi;N. Arnaud;M. Arogeti;S. Aronson;K. Arun;H. Asada;Y. Asali;G. Ashton;Y. Aso;M. Assiduo;S. Aston;P. Astone;F. Aubin;C. Austin;S. Babak;F. Badaracco;M. Bader;C. Badger;S. Bae;Y. Bae;A. Baer;S. Bagnasco;Y. Bai;L. Baiotti;J. Baird;R. Bajpai;M. Ball;G. Ballardin;S. Ballmer;A. Balsamo;G. Baltus;S. Banagiri;D. Bankar;J. Barayoga;C. Barbieri;B. Barish;D. Barker;P. Barneo;F. Barone;B. Barr;L. Barsotti;M. Barsuglia;D. Barta;J. Bartlett;M. Barton;I. Bartos;R. Bassiri;A. 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Multiparameter tests of general relativity using a principle component analysis with next-generation gravitational-wave detectors

使用下一代引力波探测器的主成分分析进行广义相对论的多参数测试

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.109.044036
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Datta, Sayantani;Saleem, M.;Arun, K. G.;Sathyaprakash, B. S.
• 通讯作者: Sathyaprakash, B. S.