Collaborative Research: Understanding Compact Binary Formation With Gravitational Wave Observations

合作研究：通过引力波观测了解致密双星形成

• 批准号: 2307147
• 负责人: Bangalore Sathyaprakash
• 金额: $ 35.72万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2307147&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Understanding; Compact; Binary

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) in the US and the Virgo detector in Europe have ushered in a new era in the exploration of the Universe. These observations have resolved old puzzles in physics and astronomy, and they have revealed a new population of astronomical objects. LIGO and Virgo with upgraded sensitivities and new detectors will soon observe a much larger catalog of sources. This research program has two goals. The first is to use the catalog of events from the upcoming observing runs to better understand how compact binaries form and merge. The second is to study how gravitational waves can be used to study the early Universe, measure its expansion rate, and infer the properties of dark matter particles. The program’s investigators will educate students in Centre County, PA and in the Baltimore area through lectures and demonstrations at schools, summer camps, and internships. They will continue to organize the successful "Physics and Astrophysics at the Extreme" (PAX) series of workshops. In addition, they will initiate a new series of workshops on the populations of compact objects discovered by LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA: "Gravitational wave populations: what's next?" (or "POPX").Since the discovery of compact binary mergers by LIGO and Virgo, astrophysicists have explored several different formation scenarios. A catalog of merger events with precisely measured masses, spins and redshifts is critical to infer how often compact binaries merge, how they form, and their redshift evolution. Moreover, compact binary sources can provide accurate distance measurements. Together with the redshift from electromagnetic observation of their hosts, this is a new tool for deducing the expansion rate of the Universe. Over the past two decades, the members of this team have pioneered methods to address these problems and have developed tools that have been made public. This program will use the larger gravitational-wave catalogs from the next two observing runs of LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA to address unsolved problems in astrophysics and cosmology. The investigators will implement astrophysical spin models in population synthesis for field binaries. They will develop rapid, consistent models of dynamical formation channels, compare tools for population inference, and study how waveform systematics affect gravitational-wave astronomy. The proposal will also study stochastic foregrounds of compact binary systems and their effect on model inference. It will harness gravitational-wave observations to resolve the Hubble tension, and explore the properties of dark matter and primordial black holes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国和欧洲处女座检测器的激光干涉仪重力波观测站（Ligo）在宇宙探索中使用了新时代。这些观察结果已经解决了物理和天文学的旧难题，它们揭示了新的天文学对象。 Ligo和处女座具有升级的灵敏度和新的检测器，很快将观察到更大的来源目录。该研究计划有两个目标。首先是使用即将到来的观察者运行中的事件目录，以更好地了解紧凑的二进制组合的形成和合并。第二个是研究如何使用重力波来研究早期宇宙，测量其膨胀率并推断暗物质颗粒的特性。该计划的调查人员将通过学校，夏令营和实习生的讲座和示威来教育在宾夕法尼亚州中心县和巴尔的摩地区的学生。他们将继续组织成功的“极端物理和天体物理学”（PAX）系列研讨会。此外，他们还将在Ligo，处女座和Kagra发现的紧凑物体人群上举办一系列新的研讨会：“引力浪潮种群：下一步是什么？” （或“ Popx”）。由于发现了Ligo和处女座的紧凑型二元合并以来，天体物理学家探索了几种不同的地层场景。与精确测量质量，旋转和红移的合并事件的目录对于推断紧凑的二进制合并，形成方式和红移进化至关重要。此外，紧凑的二进制来源可以提供准确的距离测量值。与电子观察宿主的红移一起，这是推论宇宙膨胀速率的新工具。在过去的二十年中，该团队的成员开创了解决这些问题的开创性方法，并开发了已公开的工具。该程序将使用Ligo，处女座和Kagra观察者的较大引力波目录来解决天体物理学和宇宙学中未解决的问题。研究人员将在野外二进制中实施人群综合中的天体旋转模型。他们将开发动态形成通道的快速，一致的模型，比较人口推理的工具，并研究波形系统学如何影响重力波天文学。该提案还将研究紧凑型二元系统的随机前景及其对模型推断的影响。它将利用引力波的观察来解决哈勃的张力，并探索暗物质和原始黑洞的特性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响来评估来支持支持的支持。