Collaborative Research: The interplay of nitrogen loading and ecosystem sustainability in threatened wetlands: an extension of the WETFEET project

合作研究：受威胁湿地氮负荷与生态系统可持续性的相互作用：WEFTEET 项目的延伸

• 批准号: 2224999
• 负责人: Samantha Chapman
• 金额: $ 60.88万
• 依托单位: Villanova University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2224999&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; interplay; nitrogen; loading

Over the last decade, pollution in Florida estuaries has had dire consequences such as red tides and massive die-offs of fish and marine mammals. This team of researchers has worked closely with land managers in northeastern Florida who seek data-driven guidance on strategies to mitigate pollution and help sustain these wetlands. Critical wetland habitats are increasingly being lost to erosion at the edges, and "ponding" in the interior due to sea level rise. As sea levels and pollution are increasing, the thin green strips of vegetation that protect Florida’s human population from big storms are changing from salt marsh grasses to mangrove forests. To determine how these wetlands will fare in a future with higher seas, more nutrient inputs, and larger plants, this project will use a combination of field experiments, mapping, and mathematical modeling. Information will be obtained on how coastal wetlands can help remove nitrogen, a common pollutant in coastal waters. The researchers will investigate whether wetland decline is contributing to the current uptick in nutrient levels that threatens the health of humans and other animals. Finally, the team will use the relationships that they have built with northeastern Florida land managers, government officials and restoration practitioners to help plan for the future of these threatened wetlands in the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve (GTMNERR) and beyond. Data from this project will be used to map nutrient hotspots in the GTMNERR, and to train undergraduate and graduate student researchers in the study of coastal wetlands and plan for their restoration. In northeastern Florida, coastal wetland ecosystems are faced with rising seas and pollution loads, and are undergoing dramatic climate-driven vegetation conversion from marsh plants to mangroves. Nitrogen (N) eutrophication and rising sea levels each individually can severely impact coastal wetlands. This project will explore how these two problems may be linked by coastal wetland feedbacks, which underlie the project's three central hypotheses: (1) Excess N loading may interrupt the mechanisms of soil accumulation that sustain wetlands; (2) Conversion of marsh to mangrove greatly enhances N demand which may mitigate N pollution of adjacent waterways; (3) N-eutrophication can accelerate transformation of marsh to mangrove by satisfying the greater N demand of mangroves compared to marsh plants. Past studies have shown that N addition can hinder the ability of wetlands to keep up with sea level rise by stimulating loss of organic matter, whereas others have shown that N addition may promote plant growth, which can help sustain coastal wetlands. The discrepancy may result from stark differences in biogeomorphic processes between wetland edges and interiors. This project will address this discrepancy directly by leveraging established infrastructure to conduct experimental N addition at both creekside and interior locations, in addition to comparing N effects on marshes and adjacent mangrove-dominated plots for the first time. New hypotheses will be tested about how N may alter mechanisms of elevation gain and mangrove encroachment across the landscape as well as hypotheses about how ongoing loss of wetlands and conversion of marshes to mangroves could have dramatic effects on coastal N budgets. Examining N influences on wetland resilience to sea level rise was identified as a research priority by the GTMNERR management at a recent coastal vulnerability workshop (September 2021). This team of researchers will work with the GTMNERR water quality data and our own data collection from this project to build a new nutrient layer onto a coastal vulnerability map that will help prioritize GTMNERR sites for planned conservation and restoration initiatives. Research findings will be conveyed to the public by working with the environmental education center at the GTMNERR to produce an exhibit and curricula for visitors and camps. Interdisciplinary training of young scientists will also take place at three institutions- Villanova University, University of Central Florida and Roosevelt University.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在过去的十年中，佛罗里达州河口的污染造成了可怕的后果，例如赤潮以及鱼类和海洋哺乳动物的大规模死亡。该研究小组与佛罗里达州东北部的土地管理者密切合作，寻求数据驱动的策略指导。污染减轻并有助于维持这些湿地，因为边缘的侵蚀以及由于海平面上升而导致的内部“积水”，重要的湿地栖息地日益丧失。佛罗里达州的人类大型风暴造成的种群正在从盐沼草转变为红树林。为了确定这些湿地在未来海平面更高、养分投入更多和植物更大的情况下将如何发展，该项目将结合实地实验、测绘和数学。研究人员将获得有关沿海湿地如何帮助去除沿海水域常见污染物的信息。团队将利用他们与佛罗里达州东北部土地管理者、政府官员和恢复从业人员建立的关系，帮助规划瓜纳托洛马托马坦萨斯国家河口研究保护区 (GTMNERR) 及其他地区这些受威胁湿地的未来。绘制 GTMNERR 的营养热点图，培训本科生和研究生研究人员研究沿海湿地并规划其恢复。在佛罗里达州东北部，沿海湿地生态系统面临着海平面上升和污染的问题。负荷，并且正在经历气候驱动的植被从沼泽植物向红树林的转变，以及海平面上升各自都会严重影响沿海湿地，该项目将探讨这两个问题如何与沿海湿地反馈联系起来。这是该项目的三个中心假设的基础：(1) 过量的氮负荷可能会中断维持湿地的土壤积累机制；(2) 将沼泽转变为红树林会大大增加氮的需求，从而减轻邻近水道的氮污染； (3) 氮富营养化可以通过满足红树林比沼泽植物更大的氮需求来加速沼泽向红树林的转变，过去的研究表明，氮的添加可以通过刺激氮的损失来阻碍湿地跟上海平面上升的能力。有机物，而其他人表明，氮的添加可以促进植物生长，从而有助于维持沿海湿地，这种差异可能是由于湿地边缘和内部之间的生物地貌过程的明显差异造成的。除了首次比较氮对沼泽和邻近红树林占主导地位的地块的影响外，还将测试氮如何改变海拔增加和红树林侵占机制的新假设。 GTMNERR 将研究氮对湿地抵御海平面上升的能力的影响作为一项研究重点。在最近的一次沿海脆弱性研讨会（2021 年 9 月）上，该研究团队将利用 GTMNERR 水质数据和我们自己从该项目收集的数据，在沿海脆弱性地图上构建新的营养层，这将有助于优先考虑 GTMNERR 地点。计划中的保护和恢复举措。研究结果将通过与 GTMNERR 的环境教育中心合作，为游客制作展览和课程，并在三点举行青年科学家的跨学科培训。机构 - 维拉诺瓦大学、中佛罗里达大学和罗斯福大学。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Do global change variables alter mangrove decomposition? A systematic review

全球变化变量会改变红树林的分解吗？

• DOI: 10.1111/geb.13743
• 发表时间: 2023-08-17
• 期刊: Global Ecology and Biogeography
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: L. Simpson;S. Chapman;Lance Simpson;J. Cherry
• 通讯作者: J. Cherry

Contrasting Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Leaf Photosynthesis and Respiration in Black Mangrove in North Florida

氮添加对北佛罗里达州黑红树林叶片光合作用和呼吸作用的对比影响

• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: Estuaries and Coasts
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Matthew A. Sturchio;Jeff Chieppa;Lorae T. Simpson;Ilka C. Feller;Samantha K. Chapman;Michael J. Aspinwall
• 通讯作者: Michael J. Aspinwall

Mangrove Trees Outperform Saltmarsh Grasses in Building Elevation but Collapse Rapidly Under High Rates of Sea‐Level Rise

红树林在建筑海拔方面优于盐沼草，但在海平面上升率较高的情况下会迅速倒塌

• DOI: 10.1029/2022ef003202
• 发表时间: 2023-04
• 期刊: Earth's Future
• 作者: Morris, James T.;Langley, J. Adam;Vervaeke, William C.;Dix, Nicole;Feller, Ilka C.;Marcum, Pam;Chapman, Samantha K.
• 通讯作者: Chapman, Samantha K.

Nitrogen Addition Increases Freeze Resistance in Black Mangrove (Avicennia germinans) Shrubs in a Temperate-Tropical Ecotone

添加氮可提高温带热带交错带黑红树林 (Avicennia germinans) 灌木的抗冻性

• DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00796-z
• 发表时间: 2023-01
• 期刊: Ecosystems
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Feller, Ilka C.;Berger, Uta;Chapman, Samantha K.;Dangremond, Emily M.;Dix, Nicole G.;Langley, J. Adam;Lovelock, Catherine E.;Osborne, Todd Z.;Shor, Audrey C.;Simpson, Loraé T.
• 通讯作者: Simpson, Loraé T.