Collaborative Research: Combining Galaxy and Cosmic Microwave Background Surveys for Precise and Robust Constraints on Cosmology

合作研究：结合星系和宇宙微波背景调查对宇宙学进行精确和稳健的约束

• 批准号: 2306166
• 负责人: Chihway Chang
• 金额: $ 25.19万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2306166&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Combining; Galaxy; Cosmic

The distribution of matter throughout the cosmos carries information about the origin, future, and composition of the Universe. However, obtaining high-precision measurements of the matter distribution is challenging: most of the matter is in the form of invisible dark matter, making it impossible to observe directly. Instead, techniques such as gravitational lensing – the bending of light by gravity – must be used to infer where the matter is. With this research program, scientists at the University of Hawaii and the University of Chicago will analyze four different and highly complementary probes of the matter distribution from state-of-the-art astronomical surveys to obtain precise and unbiased constraints on the properties of the Universe. The team will use measurements of galaxy positions and gravitational lensing of galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), measurements of gravitational lensing of light from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), and finally, measurements from SPT and ACT of the scattering of CMB light with electrons. By analyzing these complementary probes in concert, the team will reduce uncertainties on the properties of the Universe, minimize potential biases in their constraints, and obtain a more complete picture of the matter distribution. This award will additionally support development of new teaching modules designed to give high school and undergraduate students the opportunity to learn from real data and gain hands-on experience in data science. Statistics of the matter distribution are predicted by the cosmological constant and cold dark matter (LCDM) model, and comparing these predictions to observations is a key goal of current and future cosmic surveys. Recently, measurements of the late-time matter distribution from galaxy surveys have shown hints of disagreement with extrapolations of early-Universe measurements that assume LCDM. This disagreement could result from fundamental problems with LCDM, or from systematic uncertainties impacting the measurements. Using new data from DES, SPT, and ACT, the team will measure and analyze cross-correlations between CMB lensing, galaxy positions, galaxy lensing, and the thermal Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect in order to perform a definitive assessment of tension with LCDM, test alternative cosmological models, and enable improved constraints with future surveys. The broader impacts of the proposal will be to provide training in data science to high school, undergraduate and graduate students, and to increase public engagement with astronomical surveys. The PIs will develop a set of new teaching tools based on Python notebooks that give high school and undergraduate students the opportunity to learn from real data. These teaching tools will be implemented in classrooms in Honolulu and Chicago.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

物质在整个宇宙中的分布都带有有关宇宙起源，未来和组成的信息。但是，获得对物质分布的高精度测量值是挑战的：大多数物质都是以无形的暗物质的形式，使得无法直接观察。取而代之的是，必须使用诸如重力镜头（重力弯曲）之类的技术来推断物质的位置。通过该研究计划，夏威夷大学和芝加哥大学的科学家将分析从最新的天文学调查中分布的四个不同且高度互补的问题，以获得对宇宙特性的精确和无偏见的约束。该团队将使用黑暗能源调查（DES）的星系位置和重力镜头的测量，从宇宙微波背景（CMB）的重力镜头测量，由南极望远镜（SPT）（SPT）（SPT）和Atacama Cesmology（Atacama Cosmology）和SPRONS cont and Act和Act Act和Act Act和Act Act和Act Act和Act Act和Act Act和Act cont和Act cont和Act conts cons cont和Act，通过分析这些完整的问题，团队将减少对宇宙属性的不确定性，最大​​程度地减少其约束的潜在偏见，并对物质分布进行更完整的了解。该奖项还将支持开发新的教学模块，旨在为高中和本科生从真实数据学习并获得数据科学方面的动手经验。物质分布的统计数据通过宇宙常数和冷暗物质（LCDM）模型预测，将这些预测与观察结果进行比较是当前和未来宇宙调查的关键目标。最近，对银河系调查的晚期物质分布的测量表明，与假定LCDM的早期宇宙测量值的外推暗示了分歧。这种分歧可能是由LCDM的基本问题或影响测量结果的系统不确定性引起的。使用DES，SPT和ACT的新数据，团队将测量和分析CMB镜头，星系位置，星系镜头和Thermal Sunyaev Zel'Dovich效果之间的互相关，以对LCDM对LCDS进行确定的张力评估，测试替代的宇宙模型，并启用了未来的Surevers。该提案的更广泛影响是为高中，本科和研究生提供数据科学培训，并增加公众参与天文学调查。 PI将根据Python笔记本开发一套新的教学工具，这些笔记本为高中和本科生提供了从真实数据中学习的机会。这些教学工具将在檀香山和芝加哥的教室中实施。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估，以诚实的支持。