Collaborative Research: Collaborative Research: Anthropogenic Impact on the Geochemical Cycle of Lead (Pb) since the Industrial Revolution in Asia

合作研究：合作研究：亚洲工业革命以来人类活动对铅 (Pb) 地球化学循环的影响

• 批准号: 2222052
• 负责人: Franco Marcantonio
• 金额: $ 6.78万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2222052&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Anthropogenic; Impact; Geochemical

Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal with negative and irreversible effects on children’s development and behavior, and also with a number of health effects in adults. Even though Pb has been used for millennia, it was not until the Industrial Revolution and later when leaded gasoline was introduced in Europe and North America in the 1920s that Pb from human activities surpassed its natural and preindustrial contribution by about two orders of magnitude. Anthropogenic Pb emissions have decreased in North America and Europe since the 1970s with the introduction of emission controls and after leaded gasoline was phased out. However, this has not been the case in Asia. Polar and high-altitude glaciers preserve records of climate and environmental changes, and thus allow to study past and present atmospheric Pb levels. This project will determine the sources of Pb found in ice cores from Tibet and the Himalayas. It will provide information to policy makers to develop strategies to reduce Pb emissions. The results will also be shared through classes at the undergraduate and graduate levels and to the general public by outreach activities.To understand the role of human activities on the Pb geochemical cycle from pre-industrial times to the present in Asia, a region that is currently undergoing a number of drastic environmental changes and is poorly studied, the isotopic composition of Pb in ice cores from three different sites, the Guliya ice cap in northwestern Tibet, the Puruogangri ice cap in central Tibet and the Dasuopu glacier in the Himalayas will be reconstructed. The Pb isotope ratios will allow: (1) the establishment of a pre-industrial Pb isotopic background in Asia; (2) the determination of how human activities have modified the Pb geochemical cycle after the Industrial Revolution in Asia; and (3) the assessment of whether Pb from human activities in North America have reached Asia.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

铅 (Pb) 是一种剧毒重金属，会对儿童的发育和行为产生负面且不可逆转的影响，并且对成人也有许多健康影响。尽管铅已经使用了数千年，但直到工业革命及以后才开始使用。 20 世纪 20 年代欧洲和北美引入含铅汽油时，人类活动产生的铅超过其自然和工业化前排放量约两个数量级，自 20 世纪 10 年代以来，北美和欧洲的人为铅排放量已减少。 20 世纪 70 年代引入排放控制和逐步淘汰含铅汽油后，但亚洲的情况并非如此，极地和高海拔冰川保存了气候和环境变化的记录，从而可以研究过去和现在的大气中的铅。该项目将确定西藏和喜马拉雅山冰芯中发现的铅的来源，并将为决策者制定减少铅排放的策略提供信息。研究结果还将通过本科生和研究生的课程分享。旨在了解人类活动对亚洲从前工业时代到现在的铅地球化学循环的作用，该地区目前正在经历一系列剧烈的环境变化，而且研究很少，将重建西藏西北部古里雅冰盖、西藏中部普若岗日冰盖和喜马拉雅山达索普冰川三个不同地点冰芯中的铅同位素组成。铅同位素比率将有助于：(1) 建立亚洲工业化前的铅同位素背景；(2) 确定亚洲工业革命后人类活动如何改变铅的地球化学循环；评估北美人类活动中的铅是否已到达亚洲。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。