Collaborative Research: Spatio-temporal changes in Red Sea surface hydrology and controls on deep ocean circulation since the 1700s

合作研究：1700年代以来红海表面水文学的时空变化及其对深海环流的控制

• 批准号: 2303246
• 负责人: David Gillikin
• 金额: $ 13.79万
• 依托单位: Union College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2303246&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Spatio; temporal; changes

Understanding the variability and long-term trends in hydrography of the Indian Ocean and connected seas (e.g., Red Sea) has implications for predicting the impacts of changes in climate across the region. Red Sea ocean circulation is vital for Indian Ocean circulation and ecosystems. This circulation supplies oxygen to critical marine ecosystems within the Arabian Sea. Evaporation within the Red Sea also plays a fundamental role in the regional hydrologic cycle and freshwater balance. These are critical for the largely agrarian societies in the region. Yet, little is known about how Red Sea ocean circulation varies across years and decades in response to changes in climate. This project will generate four records of past climate and ocean changes using corals from across the eastern edge of the Red Sea. Chemical analyses of the cores will be compared with existing instrumental data to generate records of temperature, salinity and density that extend back 200-400 years. These climate and ocean records will provide insight into how Red Sea circulation patterns change across space and time in response to climate systems. This project will support two early career female scientists. The project will also support the next generation of graduate and undergraduate scientists. These students will receive mentoring and training in marine geochemistry and paleoclimate research. In addition, the PIs will participate in art-science outreach initiatives such as Synergy II. This includes exhibitions to showcase the potential for combining geochemistry and paleoclimate to understand past variability and future threats to vulnerable societies. This project will reconstruct Red Sea surface hydrography using comparisons of multi-century coral proxy records to examine the role of spatio-temporal climate variability in preconditioning the surface ocean for deep water formation. Specifically, the study will use measurements of δ18O and Sr/Ca in coral skeleton to reconstruct seasonal to multi-decadal variability in Red Sea sea surface salinity and temperature over the past 300 years. Links between the precursors for Red Sea deep ventilation in the north and broader surface ocean hydrography will be evaluated using comparisons of coral records spanning 6º of latitude. These records will test the hypothesis that variability in salinity of northward-flowing Red Sea surface currents serves as an indicator for the strength of deep ventilation. Linkages between the spatio-temporal perspective of surface ocean precursors for deep water ventilation and regional atmospheric and climate phenomena (Arctic Oscillation, AO; North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO) will be examined, utilizing observations and instrumental climate indices. These records of Red Sea variability will identify the surface controls of deep ocean circulation and constrain variability during periods of sustained warm/cold climate.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解印度洋和互联海洋水文的可变性和长期趋势（例如红海）对预测整个地区气候变化的影响具有影响。红海循环对于印度洋循环和生态系统至关重要。该循环为阿拉伯海的关键海洋生态系统提供氧气。红海内的蒸发在区域水文周期和淡水平衡中也起着基本作用。这些对于该地区的主要农业社会至关重要。然而，关于红色海洋循环如何在数十年和数十年中响应气候变化而有所不同。该项目将使用来自红海东部边缘的珊瑚产生四个过去气候和海洋变化的记录。将核心的化学分析与现有的工具数据进行比较，以产生延长200 - 400年的温度，盐度和密度的记录。这些攀登和海洋记录将提供有关红海循环模式在响应攀岩系统时如何变化的洞察力。该项目将支持两个早期的职业女科学家。该项目还将支持下一代研究生和本科科学家。这些学生将接受海洋地球化学和古气候研究的心理培训。此外，PI将参加艺术科学外展计划，例如Synergy II。这包括展览，以展示结合地球化学和古气候的潜力，以了解过去的变异性和对弱势社会的未来威胁。该项目将使用多世纪的珊瑚代理记录进行比较来重建红色海面水文图，以检查空间 - 周期性气候变异性在对深水形成的表面海洋进行预处理中的作用。具体而言，该研究将使用珊瑚骨骼中Δ18O和SR/CA的测量来重建季节性，以在过去300年的红海表面盐度和温度中的多年差异。将使用跨越6º纬度的珊瑚记录的比较来评估红海深层通风的前体之间的联系。这些记录将检验以下假设：向北流动的红海表面电流的盐度变化是深度通风强度的指标。将使用观察值和仪器气候独立式的观察结果检查，将检查表面海洋前体的时空透视前体之间的连接（北极振荡，AO；北大西洋振荡，NAO）之间的联系（北大西洋振荡，NAO）之间的联系。这些红海变异性记录将确定持续温暖/寒冷气候期间深海循环和约束变异性的表面控制。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估该基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响来评估标准。