Collaborative Research: PurSUiT: Systematic viral discovery through structured search of host phylogeny

合作研究：PurSUiT：通过宿主系统发育的结构化搜索系统性病毒发现

• 批准号: 2302677
• 负责人: Jocelyn Colella
• 金额: $ 73.71万
• 依托单位: University of Kansas Center for Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2302677&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; PurSUiT; Systematic; viral

Viral pathogens are usually researched intensively after they emerge and cause disease in humans or domestic animals. This leads to a deep understanding of the few viruses that affect humans, but largely ignores the vast, unknown diversity of viruses in the rest of mammals. This project leverages the high-quality, cryogenically frozen tissue collections of wild mammals that are stored in natural history museums to systematically sequence, discover, and characterize viral diversity from across the Mammal Tree of Life. This project will contribute directly to the understanding of host-virus evolution, inform the frequency and distance at which ‘spillover’ or host-switches can occur, and identify high and low risk viral pathogens. By connecting the viral sequences back to a physical mammal specimen at a museum, this project provides a foundation for detailed future investigations of specific pathogens, pathogen communities, and the associated genetic variation in their mammal hosts. To further reinforce the connection between microbial research and natural history museums, this project will collaborate with Project ECHO’s Museums and Emerging Pathogens in the Americas (MEPA) network to foster international exchange of ideas and build capacity in biodiverse countries, where pathogen emergence is more likely. This project uses a sampling strategy that optimizes evolutionary distances and geographic coverage to select mammal specimens to survey for viruses. Initially, a core set of nearly 600 mammalian species in 25 of 27 orders will be targeted to provide a mammal-wide survey of viral diversity. Based on this initial effort, lineages that have especially rich viral communities will be selected for more intensive sampling that will allow for analyses of virus-virus interactions and host-virus co-evolution (or lack thereof). New and known viral sequences will be reconstructed bioinformatically and used to test long-standing assumptions related to viral diversity, host traits, and host diversity, including which lineages represent “high risk” or “low risk” to humans (e.g., bats, rodents, and primates as traditionally “high risk” groups). Pairs of mammal and virus lineages that show elevated rates of host switching will be used to identify the ecological and environmental traits that are associated with such events.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

病毒病原体通常在出现后进行深入研究并引起人类或家畜的疾病。这导致对影响人类的少数病毒有深刻的了解，但在很大程度上忽略了其他哺乳动物中巨大，未知的病毒多样性。该项目利用了在自然历史博物馆中存储的高质量，冷冻冷冻的野生哺乳动物的组织收集，以系统地序列，发现和表征来自哺乳动物生命的整个生命之树的病毒多样性。该项目将直接有助于理解宿主病毒演化，告知可能发生“溢出”或宿主开关的频率和距离，并识别高风险病毒病原体。通过将病毒序列与博物馆的物理哺乳动物标本联系起来，该项目为未来对特定病原体，病原体群落以及其哺乳动物宿主的相关遗传变异的详细研究奠定了基础。为了进一步加强微生物研究与自然历史博物馆之间的联系，该项目将与Americas（MEPA）网络的Echo Project的博物馆和新兴病原体合作，以促进国际思想交流并在生物多样性国家建立能力，在那里，病原体出现的可能性更大。该项目使用采样策略来优化进化距离和地理覆盖范围，以选择用于调查病毒的哺乳动物标本。最初，在27个订单中有25个命令中，将有一个近600种哺乳动物物种的核心集旨在提供对病毒多样性的哺乳动物范围调查。基于这一最初的努力，将选择具有特别丰富病毒群落的谱系进行更密集的采样，从而可以分析病毒 - 病毒相互作用和宿主病毒共同进化（或缺乏）。新的和已知的病毒序列将被重建生物信息，并用于测试与病毒多样性，宿主性状和宿主多样性有关的长期假设，包括谱系代表人类的“高风险”或“低风险”（例如，蝙蝠，啮齿动物，啮齿动物，啮齿动物，以及作为传统上“高风险”组））。表明宿主切换率升高的哺乳动物和病毒谱系将用于确定与此类事件相关的生态和环境特征。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估NSF的法定任务。