Collaborative Research: HCC: Medium: HCI in Motion -- Using EEG, Eye Tracking, and Body Sensing for Attention-Aware Mobile Mixed Reality

合作研究：HCC：媒介：运动中的 HCI——使用 EEG、眼动追踪和身体感应实现注意力感知移动混合现实

• 批准号: 2211785
• 负责人: John Quarles
• 金额: $ 45.71万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at San Antonio
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2211785&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; HCC; Medium; HCI

Mobile, wireless, headsets for virtual and augmented reality, such as the Meta Quest 2 and Microsoft HoloLens-2, are becoming more widely used in many applications beyond video games, such as training, construction, and medicine. However, wearing these head-worn goggles while walking can make some people feel sick or distracted, which has even led to injury in some cases. This effect is similar to texting while walking, but potentially worse because a person's entire periphery can be filled with distracting media elements. While previous research has investigated these issues when users are standing still or seated, it is unclear how problems unfold and how they can be prevented while users are in motion. Specifically, this project will investigate how and why virtual and augmented reality headsets affect attention and feelings of sickness. First, this work will record data, such as heart rate, brain waves, and the direction users are turning their eyes to, while they are wearing virtual and augmented reality headsets and walking. Secondly, this project will develop ways to reduce sickness and distraction while walking with virtual and augmented reality headsets. This work will improve the safety of mobile virtual and augmented reality headsets, products that virtually all big technology companies today heavily invest in as possible companions or replacements to smartphones. This project will be introduced in courses and research mentorship projects at The University of Texas at San Antonio and the University of California at Santa Barbara, to advance research training of both undergraduate and graduate students. Considering that both universities and research teams have a history of supporting many underrepresented minority students, it is expected that the educational value of this project will be high, especially in terms of recruiting and mentoring women and underrepresented minority students.There is an increasing prevalence of mobile, immersive interfaces (e.g., mobile Virtual Reality(VR) / Augmented Reality (AR)) that may affect users' cognitive capacities and situational awareness, potentially leading to physical harm (e.g., impaired task performance, tripping over physical obstacles in VR, unsafe street crossings while seeing advertisements in AR). The landscape of human-computer interaction has expanded from fairly well standardized stationary office configurations to more varied mobile and immersive settings involving active body movements (mobile and situated computing, AR, mobile VR) and simulated first-person perspective changes and motion experiences (immersive computing). To make matters worse, compared to more standardized platforms such as desktop and laptop UIs, tablet and smartphone interfaces, individual differences among users have a much bigger usability impact in context-driven surround-focus usage scenarios found in mobile AR/VR. For example, motion sickness (i.e., cybersickness) in VR is known to inflict symptoms of widely varying severity, depending on the individual user. One serious consequence is that interaction designers have difficulties providing engaging general experiences that are universally usable by a wide variety of users. Despite the increasing prevalence of immersive technologies and their pitfalls, the precise cognitive and physiological mechanisms at play when 'computing in motion' are not well understood. This work is aimed at filling this knowledge gap. The specific objectives are: 1) to assess the cognitive effects of interacting with mobile AR/VR while users are walking, 2) to provide automated tools to effectively reduce the cognitive demand of mobile AR/VR, and 3) to make mobile AR/VR safer and more usable. Based on preliminary data, the central hypothesis is that through multi-modal sensing combined with machine learning approaches, mobile AR/VR applications can learn the characteristics of user behavior and provide real time adaptations that will reduce user error, increase ease of use, improve task performance, and reduce the impact of physical hazards. This work will improve the safety of mobile AR and mobile VR, paradigms that virtually all big technology companies today heavily invest in as a possible follow-up paradigm to the smartphone platform. Educational impact will occur through incorporation of research outcomes into undergraduate and graduate courses offered at The University of Texas at San Antonio and the University of California at Santa Barbara, and research training and mentorship opportunities for both undergraduate and graduate students. The courses include Machine Learning, Deep Learning for Visual Computing, Human-Computer Interaction, and Mobile Application Programming. Because our project integrates a topic of high social impact with cutting edge machine learning and human-computer interaction research along with proven successful mentorship strategies, the educational impacts of the project will be high, especially in terms of recruiting and mentoring women and underrepresented minority students.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

用于虚拟和增强现实的移动、无线耳机，例如 Meta Quest 2 和 Microsoft HoloLens-2，在视频游戏之外的许多应用中得到越来越广泛的使用，例如培训、建筑和医学。然而，走路时佩戴这些头戴式护目镜会让一些人感到不适或分心，在某些情况下甚至会导致受伤。这种效果类似于边走边发短信，但可能更糟，因为一个人的整个周围都可能充满分散注意力的媒体元素。虽然之前的研究已经调查了用户站立或坐着时的这些问题，但尚不清楚用户运动时问题如何展开以及如何预防这些问题。具体来说，该项目将研究虚拟和增强现实耳机如何以及为何影响注意力和恶心感。首先，这项工作将记录用户佩戴虚拟和增强现实耳机行走时的数据，例如心率、脑电波以及用户转动眼睛的方向。其次，该项目将开发方法来减少佩戴虚拟和增强现实耳机行走时的不适和分心。这项工作将提高移动虚拟和增强现实耳机的安全性，当今几乎所有大型科技公司都大力投资这些产品，作为智能手机的可能伴侣或替代品。该项目将被引入德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校和加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的课程和研究指导项目中，以促进本科生和研究生的研究培训。考虑到大学和研究团队都有支持许多代表性不足的少数族裔学生的历史，预计该项目的教育价值将会很高，特别是在招募和指导女性和代表性不足的少数族裔学生方面。移动、沉浸式界面（例如移动虚拟现实 (VR)/增强现实 (AR)）可能会影响用户的认知能力和态势感知，并可能导致身体伤害（例如任务表现受损、绊倒身体） VR 中的障碍、AR 中看到广告时过马路时不安全的情况）。人机交互的格局已经从相当标准化的固定办公室配置扩展到更加多样化的移动和沉浸式环境，涉及主动身体运动（移动和情境计算、AR、移动 VR）以及模拟的第一人称视角变化和运动体验（沉浸式体验）计算）。更糟糕的是，与桌面和笔记本电脑用户界面、平板电脑和智能手机界面等更标准化的平台相比，用户之间的个体差异在移动 AR/VR 中的上下文驱动的环绕焦点使用场景中对可用性产生更大的影响。例如，众所周知，VR 中的晕动病（即网络病）会造成严重程度各异的症状，具体取决于个人用户。一个严重的后果是交互设计师很难提供可供各种用户普遍使用的引人入胜的一般体验。尽管沉浸式技术及其陷阱日益普及，但“运动计算”时发挥作用的精确认知和生理机制尚不清楚。这项工作旨在填补这一知识空白。具体目标是：1）评估用户行走时与移动AR/VR交互的认知效果，2）提供自动化工具，有效降低移动AR/VR的认知需求，3）使移动AR/VR成为现实。 VR更安全、更实用。基于初步数据，中心假设是，通过多模态传感与机器学习方法相结合，移动 AR/VR 应用程序可以学习用户行为特征并提供实时适应，从而减少用户错误、提高易用性、改进任务绩效，并减少身体危害的影响。这项工作将提高移动 AR 和移动 VR 的安全性，当今几乎所有大型科技公司都大力投资这些范例，作为智能手机平台的可能后续范例。通过将研究成果纳入德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校和加州大学圣巴巴拉分校提供的本科生和研究生课程，以及为本科生和研究生提供研究培训和指导机会，将产生教育影响。这些课程包括机器学习、视觉计算深度学习、人机交互和移动应用程序编程。由于我们的项目将具有高度社会影响力的主题与尖端机器学习和人机交互研究以及经过验证的成功指导策略相结合，因此该项目的教育影响将会很大，特别是在招募和指导女性和代表性不足的少数族裔学生方面该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

You Make Me Sick! The Effect of Stairs on Presence, Cybersickness, and Perception of Embodied Conversational Agents

您让我恶心！

• DOI: 10.1109/vr55154.2023.00071
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: IEEE VR 2023
• 作者: Ang, Samuel;Fernandez, Amanda;Rushforth, Michael;Quarles, John
• 通讯作者: Quarles, John

Auditory Feedback to Make Walking in Virtual Reality More Accessible

听觉反馈让虚拟现实中的行走变得更容易

• DOI: 10.1109/ismar55827.2022.00103
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: IEEE ISMAR 2022
• 作者: Mahmud, M. Rasel;Stewart, Michael;Cordova, Alberto;Quarles, John
• 通讯作者: Quarles, John

Reduction of cybersickness in head mounted displays use: A systematic review and taxonomy of current strategies

减少头戴式显示器使用中的晕眩症：当前策略的系统回顾和分类

• DOI: 10.3389/frvir.2023.1027552
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Frontiers in Virtual Reality
• 作者: Ang, Samuel;Quarles, John
• 通讯作者: Quarles, John

LiteVR: Interpretable and Lightweight Cybersickness Detection using Explainable AI

LiteVR：使用可解释的人工智能进行可解释的轻量级晕眩检测

• DOI: 10.1109/vr55154.2023.00076
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: 2023 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR
• 作者: Kundu, Ripan Kumar;Islam, Rifatul;Quarles, John;Hoque, Khaza Anuarul
• 通讯作者: Hoque, Khaza Anuarul

Standing Balance Improvement Using Vibrotactile Feedback in Virtual Reality

在虚拟现实中使用振动触觉反馈改善站立平衡

• DOI: 10.1145/3562939.3565638
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: ACM VRST 2022
• 作者: Mahmud, M. Rasel;Stewart, Michael;Cordova, Alberto;Quarles, John
• 通讯作者: Quarles, John