The Cognitive Basis of Linguistic Illusions

语言错觉的认知基础

• 批准号: 2243093
• 负责人: Daniel Parker
• 金额: $ 22.38万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2243093&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cognitive; Basis; Linguistic; Illusions

Our ability to use and understand language in everyday conversation is a feat that seems to be accomplished both rapidly and effortlessly. Just as the impression that our visual interpretation of the world around us is robust and complete, our impression of language is similarly rich. Behind the perceived ease of language understanding is a complex set of neuro-cognitive mechanisms that must work in tandem to give us a rich linguistic experience. However, these systems are not always foolproof and can be misled, arriving at unintended interpretations or the perception of ill-formed sentences as if they were well-formed. These errors trigger what are known as "linguistic illusions", and just as visual illusions have transformed our understanding of how our visual system interprets the world around us, the systematic study of linguistic illusions can transform our understanding of how we interpret language. Importantly, by studying the conditions under which we do and do not fall for linguistic illusions, we can improve language technologies, provide better language learning instruction, and aid in assessments of cognitive impairments. The goal of this project is to better understand the scope and cause of linguistic illusions. Current language processing models assume that illusions are the product of two distinct cognitive systems: one system for fast, efficient communication (the 'parser'), and another, slower system that classifies grammaticality (the 'grammar'). A competing account claims that illusions reflect a single grammar system embedded in a noisy cognitive architecture that creates the opportunity for errors. The current project addresses this debate by extending research to a broader set of linguistic phenomena using behavioral and computational methods to better understand the exact conditions that trigger illusions. This project will inform our understanding of (i) the cognitive architecture of language, (ii) the mental mechanisms for encoding, accessing, and manipulating sentence structures, and (iii) the role of the grammar in sentence processing. The project will have a direct impact on the broader scientific community, the undergraduate researchers funded through project, and the general public. Specifically, the project will expand the pool of participants that are typically included in psycholinguistic studies to non-college students, leading to a more comprehensive study of linguistic abilities across populations, and will bridge research and education by providing meaningful research experiences to undergraduate researchers, including under-represented minorities, through undergraduate training boot camps, research assistantships, and outreach activities at K-12 schools.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

我们在日常对话中使用和理解语言的能力似乎是迅速而轻松地完成的。就像我们对周围世界的视觉解释是强大而完整的印象一样，我们对语言的印象也同样丰富。在感知的语言理解方面，是一组复杂的神经认知机制，必须协同起作用，以使我们获得丰富的语言经验。但是，这些系统并不总是万无一失的，并且可能会被误导，以意想不到的解释或对不明格式的句子的看法，就好像它们的形成良好一样。这些错误触发了所谓的“语言幻觉”，就像视觉幻觉改变了我们对视觉系统如何解释我们周围世界的理解一样，对语言幻觉的系统研究也可以改变我们对我们解释语言的理解。重要的是，通过研究我们所做的条件，也不属于语言幻想，我们可以改善语言技术，提供更好的语言学习教学并帮助评估认知障碍。 该项目的目的是更好地了解语言幻想的范围和原因。当前的语言处理模型假设幻觉是两个不同的认知系统的产物：一种用于快速，有效通信的系统（“解析器”），另一个较慢的系统，它分类了语法（'grammar'）。一个竞争性的说法声称，幻觉反映了一个嵌入在嘈杂的认知架构中的单个语法系统，从而为错误带来了错误的机会。当前的项目通过使用行为和计算方法将研究扩展到更广泛的语言现象来解决这一辩论，以更好地理解触发幻觉的确切条件。该项目将告知我们对（i）语言的认知结构，（ii）编码，访问和操纵句子结构的心理机制，以及（iii）语法在句子处理中的作用。该项目将直接影响更广泛的科学界，通过项目资助的本科研究人员和公众。具体而言，该项目将扩大通常包含在心理学研究中的参与者群体，向非大学学生扩展，从而更全面地研究跨人群的语言能力，并通过提供有意义的研究经验来弥合研究和教育，从而通过培训培训训练营，研究人员和研究培训助长了，并培养了培训训练训练，并培养了不足的少数群体，并将法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来评估的值得支持的。