Closing Critical Knowledge Gaps in Rates of CO2 Mineralization in Soils, Rocks, and Aquifers as a Scalable Climate Change Mitigation Solution

作为可扩展的气候变化减缓解决方案，缩小土壤、岩石和含水层中二氧化碳矿化率的关键知识差距

• 批准号: 2242907
• 负责人: Chen Zhu
• 金额: $ 73.64万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2242907&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Closing; Critical; Knowledge; Gaps; Rates

Currently, numerous start-up companies, large corporations, and government- or non-government-organization-sponsored research and pilot projects are diligently investigating the feasibility of turning carbon dioxide into carbonate minerals (carbon mineralization) as a climate mitigation strategy. Carbon dioxide can be mineralized by spreading mineral and rock powders onto croplands, forests, and oceans, injecting carbon dioxide into basalt and sedimentary aquifers, and mine tailings. Scaling-up these options globally can potentially capture and store billions of tons of carbon dioxide per year. However, as a 2021 US long-term strategy report [1] stated, techniques of “… enhanced mineralization, are still in nascent stages of research and development, so the potential magnitude of reductions and the timeframes over which these technologies might deliver reductions is unknown.” Currently, there are knowledge gaps in the basic science of carbon mineralization rates, the resolution of which is critical to discovering cost-effective carbon-dioxide-water-mineral interaction-based climate mitigation options. This research project meets this urgent societal need by both filling the knowledge gaps in geochemical reaction rates and mechanisms in multi-mineral systems and disseminating geochemical kinetics and modeling knowledge. To acheive these science objectives, this project will carry out multiple isotope tracer (Si, K, Sr, Ca, Mg, Fe, K C isotopes) experiments for crushed basalts to determine the coupling of mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions. Additionally, the researchers will perform innovative geochemical simulations to interpret the experimental results using an ensemble of models and evaluate model uncertainties. To meet the broader impact objective, researchers will leverage the national computational infrastructure and internet-based delivery technologies for training a diverse workforce for a carbon-neutral economy. A geochemical modeling web portal will be built to deliver modeling tools and databases as well as virtual short courses and online lessons for thermodynamics, geochemical modeling, and kinetics. This open science approach makes geochemical sciences accessible to all regardless of socioeconomic status and encourages unselfish cooperation from all sectors and all parts of the world for achieving the common goal of meeting the challenges of global climate change.[1] US Government, “The Long-Term Strategy of the United States: Pathways to Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050” (2021); https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/US-Long-Term-Strategy.pdfThis award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

目前，众多的初创公司，大型公司以及政府或非政府组织的研究和试点项目正在努力研究将二氧化碳变成碳酸盐矿物质（碳矿化）作为气候缓解策略的可行性。二氧化碳可以通过将矿物质和岩石粉矿化到农田，森林和海洋中，将二氧化碳注入玄武岩和沉积含水层以及地雷尾矿。在全球范围内扩大这些选择可以每年捕获和存储数十亿吨二氧化碳。但是，正如2021年美国长期战略报告[1]所述，“……增强的矿化，仍处于研发的新生阶段，因此降低的潜在幅度以及这些技术可能减少的时间表尚不清楚。”当前，碳矿化率的基础科学存在知识差距，该分辨率对于发现基于成本效益的二氧化碳 - 二氧化碳 - 矿物质相互作用的气候缓解措施至关重要。该研究项目通过填补了多矿物系统中的地球化学反应率和机制的知识差距，并传播地球化学动力学和建模知识来满足这种紧急的社会需求。为了达到这些科学目标，该项目将进行多个同位素示踪剂（Si，K，Sr，Ca，Mg，Fe，Fe，K C同位素）实验，以确定矿物质溶解和降水反应的偶联。此外，研究人员将执行创新的地球化学模拟，以使用模型集合来解释实验结果，并评估模型不确定性。为了满足更广泛的影响目标，研究人员将利用国家计算基础设施和基于互联网的交付技术来培训潜水员的劳动力为碳中性经济。将建立一个地球化学建模Web门户网站，以提供建模工具和数据库，以及用于热力学，地球化学建模和动力学的虚拟短课程和在线课程。这种开放的科学方法使所有人都可以进入地球化学科学，而不论社会经济地位如何，并鼓励来自世界各地和世界各地的无私合作，以实现满足全球气候变化挑战的共同目标。[1] [1]美国政府，“美国的长期战略：到2050年到2050年的净零温室气体排放途径”（2021年）； https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/us-long-term-term-strategy.pdfthis Award反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响审查审查标准来通过评估来通过评估来获得的支持。

项目成果

Geochemical modeling to aid experimental design for multiple isotope tracer studies of coupled dissolution and precipitation reaction kinetics

• DOI: 10.1007/s11631-023-00654-2
• 发表时间: 2023-12
• 期刊: Acta Geochimica
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Mingkun Chen;Peng Lu;Yongchen Song;Chen Zhu

Mechanisms controlling albite dissolution/precipitation kinetics as a function of chemical affinity: New insights from experiments in 29Si spiked solutions at 150 and 180 °C

控制钠长石溶解/沉淀动力学作为化学亲和力函数的机制：来自 150 和 180°C 29Si 加标溶液实验的新见解

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2024.03.023
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Schott, Jacques;Saldi, Giuseppe D.;Zhu, Chen;Gong, Lei;Chen, Kaiyun
• 通讯作者: Chen, Kaiyun