Reconstructing rapid, post-migratory biological adaptation using ancient dental calculus

利用古代牙结石重建快速的迁徙后生物适应

• 批准号: 2235545
• 负责人: Laura Weyrich
• 金额: $ 45万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-01 至 2028-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2235545&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Reconstructing; rapid; post; migratory; biological

As humans migrated across the globe in the past, new diets, environmental exposures, and lifestyle practices likely influenced health in different ways and simultaneously impacted the beneficial microorganisms that live within the human body – the microbiome. Understanding how the human microbiome adapted to new pressures is critical for understanding human health in the past and uncovering the origins of chronic diseases like obesity, cardiovascular disease, and poor oral health. In this project, the research team uses ancient calcified dental plaque to reconstruct the history of microorganisms that were part of Ancestors’ human oral microbiome and estimate how these microorganisms changed over time with shifts in lifestyle and environment. The research advances understanding about how past histories, exposures, and arrivals in new areas around 1,000 years ago may have contributed to human health. The project supports graduate student training and mentoring and international research collaborations. Community-engagement and student exchanges throughout the project ensure that findings from this study are translated into practice in academic journals and local outlets. This research team reconstructs ancient human microbiomes using ancient DNA sequencing from calcified dental calculus. They test how shifts in diet, (i.e., the use of new food sources), changes in environment or landscape (i.e., settlement in high or low altitude), and interactions with new people (i.e., arrival of other populations to the area) influenced the diversity of microorganisms in these Ancestors. More detailed analyses identify the specific genomic adaptations and rearrangements in individual microbes that accompanied these community-based shifts. These microbial adaptations are examined in the context of past human health to understand how these mechanisms may be related to the development of modern chronic diseases.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

随着过去在全球范围内迁移，新饮食，环境暴露和生活方式习俗（如生活方式）以不同的方式影响健康，并仅影响了生活在人体内部的有益微生物 - 微生物组。了解人类微生物组如何适应新压力对于过去了解人类健康至关重要，并揭示肥胖，心血管疾病和口腔健康等慢性疾病的起源。在这个项目中，研究小组使用古代钙化的牙菌斑来重建祖先人类口腔微生物组一部分的微生物的历史，并估计这些微生物随着时间的流逝而随着时间的流逝而随着生活方式和环境的转变而变化。该研究的进展了解大约1000年前的过去历史，暴露和到达可能如何为人类健康做出贡献。该项目支持研究生培训和心理和国际研究合作。整个项目中的社区参与和学生交流确保在学术期刊和当地渠道中将本研究的发现转化为实践。该研究团队使用来自计算出的牙科牙科的古代DNA测序重建了古老的人类微生物组。他们测试了饮食中的转变（即使用新食物来源），环境或景观的变化（即，在高或低海拔的定居点）以及与新人的相互作用（即其他人群到达该地区的到来）影响了这些祖先中微生物的多样性。更详细的分析确定了实现这些基于社区转变的单个微生物中的特定基因组适应和重排。在过去的人类健康的背景下，对这些微生物的适应进行了检查，以了解这些机制如何与现代慢性疾病的发展有关。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务。