SAI-R: Reducing Natural Hazards Risks by Incorporating Community Impacts and Equity

SAI-R：通过纳入社区影响和公平来减少自然灾害风险

• 批准号: 2228559
• 负责人: David Johnson
• 金额: $ 74.24万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-15 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2228559&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SAI; Reducing; Natural; Hazards; Risks

Strengthening American Infrastructure (SAI) is an NSF Program seeking to stimulate human-centered fundamental and potentially transformative research that strengthens America’s infrastructure. Effective infrastructure provides a strong foundation for socioeconomic vitality and broad quality of life improvement. Strong, reliable, and effective infrastructure spurs private-sector innovation, grows the economy, creates jobs, makes public-sector service provision more efficient, strengthens communities, promotes equal opportunity, protects the natural environment, enhances national security, and fuels American leadership. To achieve these goals requires expertise from across the science and engineering disciplines. SAI focuses on how knowledge of human reasoning and decision-making, governance, and social and cultural processes enables the building and maintenance of effective infrastructure that improves lives and society and builds on advances in technology and engineering.Concrete buildings designed prior to the implementation of modern building codes in the mid-1970s may be highly vulnerable to collapse. Many thousands of these structures in seismically active areas like California are still in service. This includes residential buildings, schools, and critical facilities like hospitals. Although these vulnerabilities are known, local ordinances mandating retrofits have been largely unsuccessful in achieving risk reductions. Building codes governing seismic retrofits focus almost exclusively on structural vulnerability and preventing loss of life during an earthquake. They tend to ignore the value that people place on the functionality of buildings and the ability to reoccupy them as quickly as possible after an extreme event. This SAI research project identifies different stakeholders’ willingness to pay for seismic retrofits on various types of buildings. It also investigates the priorities and incentives that are necessary to successfully motivate action. The long-term aim of this research is to identify effective policy-making strategies to motivate communities to mitigate seismic risks before a future earthquake disaster strikes.This project uses several approaches to better capture the feedback between human interaction with the built environment and infrastructure vulnerability. One approach uses a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to elicit measures of building functionality and usage that can be used to predict how community members prioritize different retrofit options based on their cost, the buildings affected, and resulting performance in the event of a major earthquake. Another approach uses physical experiments and simulation of earthquakes on archetypal building features to better characterize the vulnerability of this type of concrete building and the effectiveness of different retrofit options. The data generated by these social and physical experiments are combined to produce a decision support system that policy makers can use to design retrofit and funding strategies that are closely aligned with the revealed preferences of the community. Incorporating stakeholder preferences into risk mitigation efforts will improve and strengthen resilience to future earthquake disasters.This award is supported by the Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic (SBE) Sciences and the Directorate for Engineering.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

加强美国基础设施（SAI）是一项NSF计划，旨在刺激以人为本的基本和潜在的变革性研究，从而增强美国的基础设施。有效的基础设施为社会经济活力和广泛的生活质量改善奠定了坚实的基础。强大，可靠和有效的基础设施刺激了私营部门的创新，发展经济，创造就业机会，使公共部门服务提供效率更高，增强社区，促进平等的机会，保护自然环境，增强国家安全，并为美国的领导燃料。为了实现这些目标，需要从整个科学和工程学科的专业知识。 SAI专注于对人类推理和决策，治理以及社会和文化过程的了解如何使建筑和维护有效的基础设施改善生活和社会的基础设施，并以技术和工程的进步为基础。结合建筑物在实施现代建筑物代码在1970年代中期实施之前设计的建筑物可能非常容易崩溃。像加利福尼亚这样的地震活跃地区，成千上万的结构仍在使用。这包括居民建筑，学校和医院等关键设施。尽管这些漏洞是已知的，但当地法令强制进行改造在实现风险降低方面基本上没有成功。统治地震改造的建筑法规几乎完全关注结构脆弱性和防止地震期间的生命丧失。他们倾向于忽略人们对建筑物功能的价值，以及在极端事件发生后尽快重新占领它们的能力。该SAI研究项目确定了不同的利益相关者愿意为各种类型建筑物进行地震改造费用。它还研究了成功激励行动所必需的优先事项和激励措施。这项研究的长期目的是确定有效的决策策略，以激励社区在未来的地震灾难袭击之前减轻地震风险。该项目使用几种方法来更好地捕获与建筑环境和基础设施脆弱性的人类互动之间的反馈。一种方法使用定性和定量方法的组合来引起建筑功能和用法的衡量标准，这些方法可用于预测社区成员如何根据其成本，受影响的建筑物以及在发生重大地震的情况下对不同的改造期权进行优先级。另一种方法使用物理实验和对原型建筑物特征上的地震的模拟，以更好地表征这种混凝土建筑的脆弱性以及不同改造选项的有效性。这些社会和物理实验产生的数据结合在一起，以产生决策支持系统，决策者可以用来设计改造和资助策略，这些策略与社区的偏好紧密相符。将利益相关者的偏好纳入风险缓解工作将改善并增强对未来地震灾难的韧性。该奖项得到社会，行为和经济和经济（SBE）科学局和工程局的支持。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过对基础的智力效果进行评估，以评估良好的支持。