Disentangling mechanisms of co-adaptation between trees and soil food webs in response to environmental perturbations

解开树木和土壤食物网响应环境扰动的共同适应机制

• 批准号: NE/S002189/1
• 负责人: David Johnson
• 金额: $ 78.56万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS002189%2F1
• 关键词: Disentangling; mechanisms; co; adaptation; between

Trees interact with thousands of tiny animals and microorganisms living in soil beneath them. They do this indirectly and directly. Indirect interactions occur via production of dead litter, especially leaves. When litter is produced, soil animals and microorganisms break it down and recycle nutrients, and the composition of the community doing this breakdown process can be influenced by the nature of the litter itself, such as how much nitrogen it contains or how tough it is. Direct interactions occur because some microorganisms are intimately associated with tree roots and actually form mutually beneficial associations with trees. These organisms rely on trees for their energy in the form of sugars, and their activity fuels many processes essential for tree health and nutrition. A big question in ecology is how these interactions will be affected by components of global climate change, such as drought and elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? Our project will tackle this question. A further question concerns whether components of global change will affect these indirect and direct interactions in different ways, and our proposal will also address this issue.We will tackle these issues by undertaking experiments in the laboratory where we have lots of control of various important factors, but also by using two amazing field-based experiments. These experiments artificially manipulate concentrations of carbon dioxide and the incidence of drought frequency and severity in mature oak forests, where the trees are taller than most houses. The experiments are big, and we are fortunate to have the benefit of multi-million pound investment in infrastructure and support. The laboratory experiments will use state-of-the-art stable isotope tracer experiments, which enable us to trace the fate of carbon atoms from plants to soil to soil organisms. Our findings will generate new mechanistic insight into the way that plants interact and shape their own biotic environment in soil, and how this is modified by climate change. Understanding these interactions is important because in managing land for food, fuel, fibre, and other ecosystem services, we routinely disconnect co-adapted food webs deliberately or inadvertently. Broader societal impact will be enhanced by using this new knowledge to inform strategies for creating, conserving and managing oak woodland (see Pathways to Impact).

树木与生活在其下方土壤中的数千种微小动物和微生物相互作用。他们间接和直接地这样做。间接相互作用是通过死亡垃圾（尤其是树叶）的产生而发生的。当垃圾产生时，土壤动物和微生物会将其分解并回收养分，而进行这种分解过程的群落组成可能会受到垃圾本身性质的影响，例如它含有多少氮或它的坚韧程度。直接相互作用的发生是因为一些微生物与树根密切相关，并且实际上与树木形成了互惠互利的关系。这些生物体依靠树木以糖的形式获取能量，它们的活动为树木健康和营养所必需的许多过程提供燃料。生态学中的一个大问题是，这些相互作用将如何受到全球气候变化的影响，例如干旱和大气中二氧化碳浓度升高？我们的项目将解决这个问题。进一步的问题涉及全球变化的组成部分是否会以不同的方式影响这些间接和直接的相互作用，我们的提案也将解决这个问题。我们将通过在实验室中进行实验来解决这些问题，在那里我们可以控制各种重要因素，而且还通过使用两个令人惊叹的现场实验。这些实验人为地操纵了成熟橡树林中的二氧化碳浓度以及干旱频率和严重程度，这些橡树林中的树木比大多数房屋都高。这些实验规模很大，我们很幸运能够受益于数百万英镑的基础设施和支持投资。实验室实验将使用最先进的稳定同位素示踪实验，使我们能够追踪碳原子从植物到土壤再到土壤生物的命运。我们的研究结果将为植物在土壤中相互作用和塑造其自身生物环境的方式，以及气候变化如何改变这种环境提供新的机制见解。了解这些相互作用非常重要，因为在管理用于提供食物、燃料、纤维和其他生态系统服务的土地时，我们经常有意或无意地断开相互适应的食物网。通过利用这些新知识为创建、保护和管理橡树林地的策略提供信息，将增强更广泛的社会影响（参见影响之路）。

项目成果

Mass concentrations of autumn bioaerosol in a mature temperate woodland Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment: investigating the role of meteorology and carbon dioxide levels

成熟温带林地自由空气二氧化碳富集 (FACE) 实验中秋季生物气溶胶的质量浓度：研究气象和二氧化碳水平的作用

• DOI: 10.5194/bg-2021-162
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Baird A

Forest Innovation to tackle the Climate and Biodiversity Emergencies

应对气候和生物多样性紧急情况的森林创新

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Bradwell, A.J.

BIFoR FACE: Water-soil-vegetation-atmosphere research in a temperate deciduous forest catchment, including under elevated CO2

BIFor FACE：温带落叶林流域的水-土壤-植被-大气研究，包括二氧化碳浓度升高的情况

• DOI: 10.22541/au.160157598.86879557
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: MacKenzie A

Water usage of old growth oak at elevated CO 2 in the FACE of climate change

面对气候变化，CO 2 升高时老橡树的用水量

• DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-2023-1522
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Quick S

Quantification and uncertainty of root growth stimulation by elevated CO 2 in mature temperate deciduous forest

成熟温带落叶林中CO 2 升高对根系生长刺激的量化和不确定性

• DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.15.440027
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Ziegler C