Collaborative Research: Experimental and numerical studies of the effects of wind, wave scale, and salinity on bubble entrainment by breaking waves

合作研究：风、波浪尺度和盐度对破碎波夹带气泡影响的实验和数值研究

• 批准号: 2220358
• 负责人: Grant Deane
• 金额: $ 75.74万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2025-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2220358&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Experimental; numerical; studies

This is a study of the role of wave scale, wave slope, wind forcing, and salinity on the generation and dispersal of bubbles in breaking ocean waves through scale model laboratory experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The work is motivated by the critical role played by bubbles in climate-related air-sea exchanges, including CO2 transfer, aerosol production, and ocean albedo. Identification of the physical processes controlling bubble entrainment in whitecaps and their dependence on wave scale, wave slope, wind forcing, and salinity will fundamentally alter our ability to model air-sea interactions. At present, there are only three oceanic data sets of bubbles in whitecaps, which is obviously insufficient to determine any fundamental physical connection between bubble entrainment and environmental forcing. CFD simulations have become a powerful tool to study wave breaking but achievable length scales are still orders of magnitude smaller than oceanic whitecaps and important physical effects, including salinity effects on bubble coalescence, the role of wind-forcing, and the effects of wave scale, are not fully explored. Validating CFD simulations of wave breaking with a realistic ocean proxy will facilitate their use to study ocean-scale exchange processes while simultaneously identifying where the greatest effort should be directed to scale the numerical models to relevant oceanic processes. Moreover, data from the experiments will help improve existing models of bubble-mediated, air-sea exchange processes. Additional activities are included to broaden the impact of the project. The participating laboratories have a strong commitment to supporting the integration of research and education at various academic levels across a broad spectrum of society. SIO PIs will work with educational professionals at the Birch Aquarium at Scripps (BAS) to increase engagement in STEM and broaden participation in STEM careers. Staff at BAS and the CREATE STEM Success Initiative at UC San Diego will co-design, evaluate, and implement experiential learning programs using the resources of the Scripps Ocean Atmosphere Research Simulator (SOARS). To address inequities in access to STEM learning opportunities and under-representation of BIPOC students in the geosciences, the “Exploring Ocean STEM Careers” program will engage middle and high school students from historically marginalized groups and work with partners to build on students’ interest and excitement with services that include academic counseling and college application support. In addition, funding is included to support two summer undergraduate interns to further their education in marine science. PIs Deane and Stokes will participate in the BAS outreach vehicle: Perspectives on Ocean Science lecture series. PI Shen will lead the development of a portal of computer modeling of water waves for climate and the environment applications as teaching materials to illustrate Geosciences to students at tribal colleges and universities, community colleges, and minority serving institutions. The portal will be disseminated through the Geoscience Alliance, a national alliance for broadening participation of Native Americans in GeosciencesData from experiments in three wave channels of increasing scale and environmental complexity will be compared with state-of-the-art CFD computations to study the fluid dynamics of bubble entrainment and its dependence on environmental parameters. The experiments will leverage the recently commissioned Scripps Ocean-Atmosphere Research Simulator, which provides a realistic yet controllable proxy for the wind-driven sea surface. The CFD simulations will take advantage of recent algorithmic advances, including high-fidelity gas-liquid interface capturing algorithms using the coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid methods with consistent mass and momentum advection schemes, an optimal network bubble identification and tracking algorithm, and adaptive mesh refinement, to provide new insights into air entrainment processes and bubble behavior within breaking wave crests. Reconciliation of the experiments and simulations will enable verification of the CFD models, motivation for further algorithmic and modeling advances, and insights into bubble-mediated exchange processes across the wind-driven air-sea interface.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这是对波量表，波浪坡度，风力强迫和盐度对通过量表模型实验室实验和计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟破坏海浪中生成和分散的作用的研究。这项工作是由于气泡在气候相关的空气交流中所起的关键作用，包括二氧化碳转移，气溶胶生产和海洋反击。识别控制白蛋白酶中气泡盛立的物理过程及其对波量表，波浪坡度，风力强迫和盐度的依赖，从根本上改变了我们建模空气海上相互作用的能力。目前，白盘中只有三个海洋数据集的气泡，这显然不足以确定气泡入口和环境强迫之间的任何基本物理连接。 CFD模拟已成为研究波浪破裂的强大工具，但可实现的长度尺度仍然比海洋白pap小的数量级和重要的物理效应，包括对气泡结合的盐度影响，风能的作用以及波量表的影响，并未得到充分探索。用现实的海洋代理验证CFD的波浪破裂模拟将有助于研究海洋规模的交换过程，同时确定应在何处指示最大的努力将数值模型扩展到相关的海洋过程。此外，来自实验的数据将有助于改善现有的气泡介导的气海交换过程的模型。包括其他活动以扩大项目的影响。参与的实验室具有坚定的承诺，致力于支持各个社会的各个学术水平的研究和教育的融合。 Sio PIS将与Scripps（BAS）桦木水族馆的教育专业人员合作，以增加参与STEM并扩大参与STEM职业的参与。 BAS的员工和圣地亚哥分校的Create STEM成功计划将使用Scripps海洋氛围研究模拟器（SOAR）共同设计，评估和实施专家学习计划。为了解决获得STEM学习机会的不平等和地球科学中BIPOC学生的代表性不足，“探索海洋STEM职业”计划将吸引来自历史上边缘化的团体的中学和高中生，并与合作伙伴合作，与学生的兴趣和兴奋相关，以包括学术咨询和大学申请支持在内的服务。此外，还包括资金来支持两个夏季的本科实习生，以进一步学习海洋科学的教育。 PIS Deane和Stokes将参加BAS外展工具：海洋科学讲座系列的观点。 Pi Shen将领导水浪的计算机建模门户，用于气候和环境应用，作为教材，以向部落学院和大学，社区学院和少数派服务机构的学生展示地球科学。该门户网站将通过地球科学联盟进行传播，这是一个全国性的联盟，以扩大美国原住民参与地球科学的参与，从实验中的三种波动量和环境复杂性的三个波通道中的实验与最新的CFD计算进行比较，以研究泡沫入口的流体动力学及其对环境参数的依赖。这些实验将利用最近受过委托的Scripps Ocean-Aposphere Research Simulator，该模拟器为风驱动的海面提供了现实但受控的代理。 The CFD simulations will take advantage of recent algorithmic advances, including high-fidelity gas-liquid interface capturing algorithms using the coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid methods with consistent mass and momentum advertising schemes, an optimal network bubble identification and tracking algorithm, and adaptive mesh refinement, to provide new insights into air entrance processes and bubble behavior within breaking wave波峰。实验和模拟的对帐将验证CFD模型，进一步算法和建模进步的动机以及对泡沫介导的交换过程的见解。在风向驱动的空气接口中，该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评论标准来评估，并通过评估诚实地表示支持。