CAREER: Fundamentals and synthesis of new compositions and shapes/microstructures of 3D and 2D carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides (MAX phases and MXenes)

职业：3D 和 2D 碳化物、氮化物和碳氮化物（MAX 相和 MXene）的新成分和形状/微观结构的基础知识和合成

• 批准号: 2143982
• 负责人: Christina Birkel
• 金额: $ 78.81万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-02-01 至 2027-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2143982&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Fundamentals; synthesis; new; compositions

NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).The discovery of new, and better, materials can lead to advances in new and innovative technologies, for example centered around batteries, sensors, and magnets. This materials discovery together with understanding their characteristics, such as their structure and properties, and how these factors can be influenced during their preparation are therefore of utmost importance for our economy and society securing the country’s prosperity. With this CAREER award, Professor Christina Birkel at Arizona State University will investigate materials that contain different metals and either carbon or nitrogen (or both), called carbides or nitrides (carbonitrides), respectively. These materials offer a huge playground for the discovery of new types of materials with useful properties since the researchers (i) mix and match different elements, and (ii) produce them in different shapes. The creation of (hollow) spheres, films, or wires paves the way to even more areas where these materials can be utilized. One can, for example, envision to integrate the wires into fabrics and produce wearable electronics that monitor sweat levels or produce energy on-the-go. Furthermore, the team can break these layered solids down into atomically thin sheets, which is less than one-billionth of a meter (less than a nanometer). Reaching this type of size regime, special physical phenomena occur that are not accessible in the larger structures. All of these new types of materials are an ideal platform to connect to and educate the public, local high-school and campus communities (through seminars and student involvements), and to increase the impact and visibility of Materials Science and Chemistry within Arizona, the US and worldwide (through winter schools and social media). Prof. Birkel will develop an inclusive program to strengthen education, mentoring and recruitment efforts through being role models and creating future role models in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math).TECHNICAL SUMMARY With this CAREER award, Professor Christina Birkel at Arizona State University will synthesize new members as well as new shapes and microstructures of the three- and two-dimensional layered compounds that belong to the families of MAX phases and MXenes. The main target materials are: (i) (Carbo)nitrides, because they are scarce and therefore much less explored than the respective carbides yet hold promise for improved mechanical stability (solid solution strengthening) and higher conductivities (additional electron of the nitrogen) and (ii) Cr-, Mn- and Mo-containing phases, because of intriguing magnetic (Cr, Mn) and catalytic behavior (Mo) whose investigations are still in their infancy. This proposal has a strong and distinguishing focus on wet chemical-assisted techniques which (i) benefit from intimate mixing of the precursors on the atomic/molecular scale and with that typically reduced reaction times and temperatures (this leads to MAX phase particles instead of the typical bulky structures and can also stabilize metastable phases), and (ii) allow for advanced processing of the liquid/gel precursor mixture into additional shapes, e.g. wires and hollow microspheres, that would not be possible with powders used in solid-state reactions. To evaluate their stability/degradation and functional properties, the materials will be subject to mechanical testing (nanoindentation) and calorimetry as well as electronic/magnetic transport and catalytic measurements. The outcome of this proposal will be the synthesis of entirely new types of structural and functional materials and will lay the groundwork for various application-based areas, such as construction (self-healing materials, refractory materials), energy technologies (magnetocalorics, catalysts, sensors), consumer electronics (coatings) and electronic textiles (“smart”/functional fabrics). These materials are an ideal platform to connect to and educate the public, local high-school and campus communities (through seminars and student involvements), and to increase the impact and visibility of Materials Science and Chemistry within Arizona, the US and worldwide (through winter schools and social media). The team develops an inclusive program to strengthen education, mentoring and recruitment efforts through being role models and creating future role models in STEM with the goal to break down barriers and demonstrate that there is space in science for everyone.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

非技术摘要 该奖项的全部或部分资金来源于《2021 年美国救援计划法案》（公法 117-2）。例如，新的、更好的材料的发现可以带来新技术和创新技术的进步因此，这种材料的发现以及了解它们的特性（例如它们的结构和性能）以及这些因素在它们的制备过程中如何受到影响对于我们的经济和社会确保国家的安全至关重要。凭借这一职业奖，亚利桑那州立大学的克里斯蒂娜·伯克尔教授将研究含有不同金属和碳或氮（或两者）的材料，分别称为碳化物或氮化物（碳氮化物），这些材料为这一发现提供了巨大的平台。具有有用特性的新型材料，因为研究人员（i）混合和匹配不同的元素，（ii）以不同的形状生产它们（空心）球体、薄膜或电线，为更多领域铺平了道路。这些材料例如，人们可以设想将电线集成到织物中并生产可监测汗液水平或随时随地产生能量的可穿戴电子设备。此外，该团队可以将这些层状固体分解成原子薄片。小于十亿分之一米（小于一纳米），会发生较大结构中无法实现的特殊物理现象，所有这些新型材料都是连接的理想平台。并教育公共、当地高中和校园社区（通过研讨会和学生参与），并提高材料科学和化学在亚利桑那州、美国和全世界的影响力和知名度（通过冬季学校和社交媒体）。这是一项包容性计划，旨在通过成为 STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）领域的榜样和创造未来的榜样来加强教育、指导和招聘工作。技术摘要 凭借这一职业奖，亚利桑那州立大学的克里斯蒂娜·伯克尔 (Christina Birkel) 教授将综合新的会员以及属于 MAX 相和 MXene 家族的三维和二维层状化合物的新形状和微观结构主要目标材料是：（i）（碳）氮化物，因为它们很稀有，因此要少得多。与相应的碳化物相比，它们有望改善机械稳定性（固溶强化）和更高的电导率（氮的附加电子）和（ii）含铬、锰和钼相，因为具有有趣的磁性（Cr， Mn）和催化行为（Mo），其研究仍处于起步阶段，该提案重点关注湿化学辅助技术，该技术（i）受益于原子/分子尺度上前体的紧密混合。通常会减少反应时间和温度（这会产生 MAX 相颗粒而不是典型的大体积结构，并且还可以稳定亚稳态相），并且 (ii) 允许将液体/凝胶前体混合物先进加工成其他形状，例如线材和线材。为了评估其稳定性/降解和功能特性，这些材料将接受机械测试（纳米压痕）和量热法以及电子/磁传输和催化测量。该提案的成果将是全新类型的结构和功能材料的合成，并将为各种应用领域奠定基础，例如建筑（自修复材料、耐火材料）、能源技术。 （磁热、催化剂、传感器）、消费电子产品（涂层）和电子纺织品（“智能”/功能性织物）这些材料是连接和教育公众、当地高中和校园社区的理想平台（通过研讨会和活动）。学生的参与），并提高材料科学和化学在亚利桑那州、美国和世界范围内的影响力和知名度（通过冬季学校和社交媒体）该团队制定了一项包容性计划，通过发挥作用来加强教育、指导和招聘工作。模型并创建 STEM 领域的未来榜样，目标是打破障碍并证明每个人在科学领域都有空间。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持标准。

项目成果

Development of a Raman spectroscopy system for in situ monitoring of microwave‐assisted inorganic transformations

开发用于原位监测微波辅助无机转化的拉曼光谱系统

• DOI: 10.1002/jrs.6478
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Jamboretz, John;Reitz, Andreas;Birkel, Christina S.
• 通讯作者: Birkel, Christina S.

Extending the Chemistry of Layered Solids and Nanosheets: Chemistry and Structure of MAX Phases, MAB Phases and MXenes

扩展层状固体和纳米片的化学性质：MAX 相、MAB 相和 MXene 的化学和结构

• DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300214
• 发表时间: 2023-08
• 期刊: ChemPlusChem
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Kubitza, Niels;Büchner, Carina;Sinclair, Jordan;Snyder, Rose M.;Birkel, Christina S.
• 通讯作者: Birkel, Christina S.

Detailed Analysis of the Synthesis and Structure of MAX Phase (Mo0.75V0.25)5AlC4 and Its MXene Sibling (Mo0.75V0.25)5C4

MAX相(Mo0.75V0.25)5AlC4及其MXene同族(Mo0.75V0.25)5C4的合成和结构的详细分析

• DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03395
• 发表时间: 2023-06
• 期刊: ACS Nano
• 影响因子: 17.1
• 作者: Snyder, Rose M.;Juelsholt, Mikkel;Kalha, Curran;Holm, Jason;Mansfield, Elisabeth;Lee, Tien;Thakur, Pardeep K.;Riaz, Aysha A.;Moss, Benjamin;Regoutz, Anna;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Sol Gel-Based Synthesis of the Phosphorus-Containing MAX Phase V 2 PC

基于溶胶凝胶的含磷 MAX Phase V 2 PC 合成

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02880
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Inorganic Chemistry
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Sinclair, Jordan;Siebert, Jan P.;Juelsholt, Mikkel;Shen, Chen;Zhang, Hongbin;Birkel, Christina S.
• 通讯作者: Birkel, Christina S.