MRI: Development of a Telemetered Seafloor Seismic Observatory (TeSSO)

MRI：遥测海底地震观测站 (TeSSO) 的开发

• 批准号: 2214269
• 负责人: Gabriele Laske
• 金额: $ 125.87万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2214269&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Development; Telemetered; Seafloor; Seismic

A traditional ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) is deployed from a ship, settles on the seafloor, and then records signals from earthquakes and other seismic events. The recording occurs remotely and autonomously, where the scientist has no access to the data until the instrument is recovered during a follow-up station visit. Often, a scientist has to wait for more than a year to analyze the collected data. For earthquake and tsunami monitoring purposes, this is much too long to conduct useful, and often critical, short-fuse research. This project, will engineer an acoustic modem gateway between the OBS and a wave glider on the sea surface to ultimately transmit data from the seafloor all the way to the desktop of a data analyst in near-real time. The OBS will transmit low-rate data (1 sample per second) to shore continuously. A novel engineering aspect of this project will be the possibility of two-way traffic, i.e. a data analyst can request a snipped of high-rate data (50 samples per second) immediately after an interesting event. A new-generation high-quality seismic sensor will be used on the newly developed shielded OBS package that will allow the recording of seismic signals from the tidal band (several hours) to high frequencies limited only by the sampling rate. The shielding of the seismic sensor will significantly reduce ambient noise contamination caused by deep-ocean currents. Ultimately, the new technology will provide a stepping stone to a long-duration (several years) multi-node mini array of OBS's on the seafloor, serviced by several concurrent wave gliders that visit stations in turn to transmit data back to shore. This project will focus on the design, construction and testing of a Telemetered Seafloor Seismic Observatory (TeSSO) comprising a very-broadband ocean bottom seismometer and a differential pressure gauge. The SSO will be equipped with an acoustic micromodem and is linked through a wave glider that facilitates a Surface Communications Gateway (SCG) with shore-side mission control via acoustic and satellite services. The wave glider will cruise on the surface and relay buffered 1 sps data from the SSO via satellite to shore-side mission control. A new two-way data traffic capability will allow shore-side researchers to order specific higher sample-rate data snippets (50 sps) in case an interesting earthquake or other seismogenic event occurs. This project draws on past expertise gathered from the 2013 ADDOSS project that provided wave-glider-based near-real time access in a one-way fashion, where the ocean bottom seismometer sent data autonomously. Since then, significant improvements in technology (e.g. 3rd generation wave glider, low-power broadband seismometers, and ‘smart’ data loggers) have occurred. The realization of TeSSO relies critically on engineering design and development to assemble off-the-shelf components. Two short sea trials will help optimize the instrument package and the SCG. On a third trial, the wave glider will transit between two close-by SSOs and transmit data on an alternating schedule. This will lay the ground work for a system of multiple SSOs that are served in near-real time by a fleet of wave gliders. TeSSO will be able to address some, but not all, items on a growing wish list compiled by data users from both the global seismic networks but also an increasing number of passive seismic deployments in the oceansThis award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

传统的海洋底部地震仪（OBS）是从船上部署的，在海底定居，然后记录地震和其他地震事件的信号。录音是远程和自主发生的，在后续访问期间，科学家无法访问该仪器，直到仪器被恢复为止。通常，科学家必须等待一年多才能分析收集的数据。出于地震和海啸监测的目的，这太长了，无法进行有用的，通常是关键的短纹式研究。该项目将在海面上的OBS和波滑翔机之间设计一个声学调制解调器网关，以最终在近乎现实的时间内从海底传输数据到数据分析师的桌面。 OBS将连续传输低率数据（每秒1个样本）。该项目的一个新颖的工程方面可能是双向流量的可能性，即数据分析师可以在有趣的事件发生后立即请求剪切的高速数据（每秒50个样本）。新一代的高质量地震传感器将用于新开发的屏蔽的OBS封装上，该软件包将允许仅通过采样率限制潮汐带（几个小时）到高频的地震信号。地震传感器的屏蔽将显着减少由深次海流引起的环境噪声污染。最终，这项新技术将为长期（几年）在海底上的多个节点迷你阵列提供一块垫脚石，该阵列由几个并发的波浪滑翔机服务，这些波浪滑翔机依次访问站，然后将数据传输到岸上。该项目将重点介绍遥测海底地震天文台（TESSO）的设计，构造和测试，该天文台（TESSO）完成了非常宽带的海洋底部地震仪和差异压力表。 SSO将配备一个声学微型模块，并通过波滑翔机连接，该波滑翔机通过声学和卫星服务促进了带有岸边任务控制的地面通信网关（SCG）。波滑翔机将在表面上巡航，并通过卫星从SSO缓冲1 SPS数据到岸边任务控制。新的双向数据流量能力将使岸边的研究人员能够在发生有趣的地震或其他地震发生事件的情况下订购特定的更高样本率数据段（50 SP）。该项目借鉴了从2013年的addoss项目中收集的过去的专业知识，该项目以单向方式提供了基于Wave-Glider的近场访问，海洋底部地震计自动发送了数据。从那时起，已经发生了技术的重大改进（例如第三代波滑翔机，低功率宽带地震仪和“智能”数据记录仪）。 Tesso的实现非常依赖于工程设计和开发来组装现成的组件。两项短暂的海上试验将有助于优化仪器包和SCG。在第三次试验中，波滑翔机将在两个近距离SSO之间传输，并在替代时间表上传输数据。这将为多个SSO系统的系统奠定基础，这些系统在近乎现实的时期由一群波浪滑翔机提供。 Tesso将能够解决来自全球地震网络的数据用户汇编的不断增长的愿望清单上的一些（但不是全部）项目，同时也越来越多地在海洋中被动地震部署，这一奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用该基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务，并被认为是珍贵的支持。