Exploring Strong-Field Gravity through Gravitational-Wave and Multimessenger Observations

通过引力波和多信使观测探索强场引力

• 批准号: 2207349
• 负责人: Kento Yagi
• 金额: $ 6万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2207349&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Exploring; Strong; Field; Gravity; through

The overarching goal of this project is to reveal how well one can ultimately probe the nature of strong, dynamical, and nonlinear gravity through gravitational-wave observations of black holes and multimessenger observations of neutron stars. Currently, one of the biggest challenges in testing General Relativity with gravitational waves from binary black hole coalescences is the lack of complete gravitational waveforms from theories beyond General Relativity that are valid throughout the inspiral, merger, and ringdown of the binary evolution. Moreover, for binary neutron stars, certain tests of General Relativity are limited by uncertainties in nuclear matter properties. The PI will tackle these problems by (I) constructing, for the first time, gravitational waveforms in theories beyond General Relativity that are valid in all of the inspiral-merger-ringdown phases, and (II) performing a comprehensive study of multimessenger tests of General Relativity with neutron star observations by avoiding uncertainties in nuclear physics. The gravitational waveform models to be developed will be ready to use and can be widely adopted by the gravitational wave community and beyond. Multimessenger tests of General Relativity with neutron star observations are extremely timely, and the outcome of both projects will impact various communities in physics and beyond, including gravitational physics, particle physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics. The long-term educational goal of the project is to connect, globally, potential next-generation scientists and convey the beauty and excitement of physics, in particular General Relativity. For the construction of the complete gravitational waveforms, the PI will work in a specific gravitational theory motivated by string theory, in which some simulations are already available. The PI and collaborators will produce more simulation data for the merger-ringdown and will stitch them against analytic waveforms during the inspiral. These complete waveforms allow one to probe more precisely theories beyond General Relativity with the existing gravitational wave events and will assist in searches for new physics with future observations. For multi-messenger tests, the PI will employ universal relations among certain neutron star observables that do not depend sensitively on the unknown internal structure of neutron stars. The PI will study such relations in a few theories beyond General Relativity that either introduce additional scalar/vector fields or introduce modifications in the high curvature regime. The PI will then study how well one can probe these theories through current and future multimessenger observations. To achieve the educational goal, the PI's team will develop an online game on General Relativity and gravitational waves to reach out to young players across the world. In the game instructions, the PI will provide a brief description of General Relativity, black holes, and gravitational waves, conveying the excitement and key aspects of recent Nobel-prize winning physics. Some students will be involved in the game development, integrating the research and educational activities. The PI will make the source codes publicly available so that anyone can develop their own games.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目的总体目标是揭示如何通过黑洞的重力波观察到中性恒星的重力波观测到强度，动力和非线性重力的性质。当前，测试来自二进制黑洞合并的引力波的一般相对性的最大挑战之一是缺乏从一般相对性之外的理论的完整引力波形，这些波形在整个灵感，合并和二进制演化的环境中都是有效的。此外，对于二进制中子星，某些一般相对性测试受核物质性质的不确定性的限制。 PI将通过（i）首次构建超出一般相对性的理论中的引力波形来解决这些问题，在整个Inspiral-Merger-Ringdown阶段中都是有效的，以及（ii）对避免在核物理学中避免不确定的中子星星观察的多中音相对性测试的多中音测试的全面研究。要开发的引力波形模型将准备好使用，并且可以被重力波及以后广泛采用。具有中子星观测的一般相对性的多通用师测试非常及时，这两个项目的结果将影响物理及其他各个社区，包括引力物理学，粒子物理学，核物理学和天体物理学。该项目的长期教育目标是在全球范围内，潜在的下一代科学家联系，并传达物理学的美丽和兴奋，特别是一般相对论。为了构建完整的引力波形，PI将以由弦理论激励的特定引力理论起作用，其中一些模拟已经可用。 PI和合作者将为合并重新计算提供更多的仿真数据，并将它们在Inspiral期间针对分析波形缝合。这些完整的波形使人们可以更精确地探究与现有重力波事件的一般相对性之外的理论，并将有助于搜索具有未来观察的新物理学。对于多通间测试，PI将在某些中子恒星可观察物中采用普遍关系，这些可观测值不依赖于中子恒星的未知内部结构。 PI将在一些一般相对论之外的几种理论中研究这种关系，这些理论要么引入其他标量/向量场或在高曲率制度中引入修改。然后，PI将研究人们如何通过当前和将来的多通用器观察来探测这些理论。为了实现教育目标，PI的团队将开发一款有关一般相对论和引力浪潮的在线游戏，以与全世界的年轻球员接触。在游戏说明中，PI将简要描述一般相对论，黑洞和引力浪潮，从而传达了最近诺贝尔奖冠军物理学的兴奋和关键方面。一些学生将参与游戏开发，整合研究和教育活动。 PI将公开提供源代码，以便任何人都可以开发自己的游戏。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评论标准来评估值得支持的。

项目成果

Breaking bad degeneracies with Love relations: Improving gravitational-wave measurements through universal relations

用爱情关系打破不良简并：通过普遍关系改进引力波测量

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.107.043010
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Xie, Yiqi;Chatterjee, Deep;Holder, Gilbert;Holz, Daniel E.;Perkins, Scott;Yagi, Kent;Yunes, Nicolás
• 通讯作者: Yunes, Nicolás