HBCU-Excellence in Research: Radiative Forcing Due to Carbon Dioxide and Black Carbon in Urban Areas

HBCU-卓越研究：城市地区二氧化碳和黑碳造成的辐射强迫

• 批准号: 2200531
• 负责人: Zhiming Yang
• 金额: $ 10.83万
• 依托单位: North Carolina Central University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2200531&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HBCU; Excellence; Research; Radiative; Forcing; HBCU; Excellence; Research; Radiative; Forcing

It is well known that carbon dioxide (CO2) and black carbon are two potent climate drivers that absorb sunlight and play a critical role to influence the Earth's radiation budget and local/regional climate. Black carbon (BC) is also associated with human health problems such as respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Thus, it is essential to know concentrations of CO2 and BC and have a clear understanding of direct radiative forcing (DRF) due to CO2 and black carbon at a city level. Current radiative forcing is estimated at a regional or global level due to limited concentration measurements of CO2 and BC. The objective of this study is to examine temporal variations of CO2 and BC at one urban site and develop a unique approach to estimate radiative forcing at a city level. The findings from this project will help better understand larger uncertainties in climate change prediction by various climate models. Also, this research exposes both graduate and undergraduate students to real-life environmental problems and provides them great opportunities to learn quantitative skills used in the fields of environmental science. This will in turn help increase the number of minority students who will pursue STEM degrees.In this project, one Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFR-7) will be used to measure total, diffuse, and direct irradiance at six wavelengths at one urban site and one ObservAir® sensor will be used to monitor BC, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentrations. Mobile measurements will be conducted at one urban site and one rural site six times per day weekly using 5-wavelength UV-IR Black Carbon monitor (microAeth® MA200). Also, one Air Quality Particle Counting Meter will be used to provide measures of 6 sizes of particles. Then the Santa Barbara Discrete Ordinate (DISORT) model will be used to retrieve optical and microphysical parameters including single scatter albedo(SSA) and asymmetry parameter with the inclusion of MODIS imagery. The next step involves the estimation of CO2 radiative forcing and the calculation of aerosol radiative forcing using Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART) model at a city level and different seasons. This research will allow better characterization of aerosol optical and microphysical parameters including single scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter at a city level, which could help understand large uncertainties in estimates of DRF used for many climate models. Also, a new method on estimation of DRF will be developed in order to estimate DRF at a city level.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

众所周知，二氧化碳（CO2）和黑碳是吸收阳光的两个潜在攀岩驱动因素，并发挥了影响地球辐射预算和局部/区域气候的关键作用。黑碳（BC）也与人类健康问题有关，例如呼吸道和心血管疾病以及癌症。这是必须了解CO2和BC的浓度，并且由于CO2和黑碳在城市一级而对直接辐射强迫（DRF）有清晰的了解。由于CO2和BC的浓度测量有限，当前辐射强迫在区域或全球水平上估计。这项研究的目的是检查一个城市地点的二氧化碳和BC的临时变化，并开发出一种独特的方法来估计城市一级的辐射强迫。该项目的发现将有助于更好地了解各种气候模型在气候变化预测中的更大不确定性。此外，这项研究使研究生和本科生都面临现实生活中的环境问题，并为他们提供了学习环境科学领域使用的定量技能的绝佳机会。反过来，这将有助于增加攻读茎学位的少数族裔学生的数量。在该项目中，将使用一个多滤波器旋转的阴影带辐射计（MFR-7）来测量一个Urban Site的六个波长的总数，分散和直接辐照度，而一个Observair®传感器将用于监视BC，碳一氧化碳和碳二氧化物二氧化物二氧化物。移动测量将在一个城市地点进行，每天使用5波长的UV-IR黑色碳监护仪（Microaeth®MA200）进行六次粗糙地点。同样，将使用一个空气质量颗粒计数计来提供6个颗粒尺寸的测量。然后，Santa Barbara离散纵坐标（血管）模型将用于检索光学和微物理参数，包括单个散点反照率（SSA）和不对称参数，并包含MODIS成像。下一步涉及估计二氧化碳辐射强迫的估计以及使用圣塔芭芭拉（Santa Barbara）在城市水平和不同季节的大气辐射转移（SBDART）模型的气溶胶辐射强迫计算。这项研究将允许对气溶胶光学和微物理参数进行更好的表征，包括城市水平的单个散射反照率和不对称参数，这可以帮助理解许多气候模型使用的DRF的估计值。此外，将开发一种新的DRF估算方法，以便在城市一级估算DRF。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准来通过评估来获得的支持。