REMOVAL OF METALS FROM PETROLEUM PRODUCED WATER BY DOLOMITE

用白云石去除石油采出水中的金属

• 批准号: 2200036
• 负责人: Javier Vilcaez
• 金额: $ 39.85万
• 依托单位: Oklahoma State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2200036&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: REMOVAL; METALS; PETROLEUM; PRODUCED; WATER

In the United States, every year, the production of oil and gas generates more than 890 billion barrels of contaminated wastewater, commonly referred to as produced water (PW). This PW typically contains high concentrations of salts (predominantly sodium chloride) and a broad range of alkaline earth metals, heavy metals, and naturally occurring radioactive materials. These contaminants include calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and radium (Ra). This combination of high concentrations of salts and toxic metals makes the treatment and reuse of PW very challenging and costly. The overarching goal of this project is to explore the utilization of low-cost dolomite filters to remove toxic metals from high salinity PW. Building upon the results of promising preliminary results, the Principal Investigators (PIs) propose to investigate the mechanisms and process variables that control the removal of toxic metal ions and their mixtures from PW by dolomite over a range of aqueous phase salinity, temperature, and compositions. The successful completion of this project will benefit society through the generation of fundamental knowledge to advance the development and implementation of low-cost dolomite filtration technology to remove toxic metals from PW and other high-salinity waste streams. Additional benefits to society will be achieved through outreach and educational activities including the mentoring of two graduate students at Oklahoma State University and a graduate student at Missouri University of Science and Technology. Approximately, 10 gallons of water are generated by oil and gas wells for each barrel of oil produced in the United States (US). This produced water (PW) contains high concentrations of salts and toxic metals and therefore must be treated to enable its reuse. However, due to high treatment costs, most of the PW in the US is disposed of via deep injection into subsurface formations where it can potentially contaminate freshwater resources and/or induce seismicity. The goal of this project is to investigate the removal of toxic metals and their mixtures from model PW by lower-cost dolomite filters using barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) as model toxic metal ions. To advance this goal, the Principal Investigators (PIs) propose to carry out an integrated experimental and modeling research program structured around four objectives. Objective 1 will investigate the effects of aqueous phase (PW) salinity, composition, and temperature on toxic metal ion removal by dolomite using batch and flow through column experiments. Objective 2 will evaluate the effects of changes in dolomite surface morphology and composition on toxic metal ion removal using a combination of imaging and analytical tools including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Objective 3 will determine the intrinsic stability constants of toxic metal ion complexation with dolomite over a range of aqueous phase compositions, salinities, and temperatures using a combination of surface titration and electrokinetic measurements. Objective 4 will explore the development and validation of surface complexation and reactive transport models to simulate the removal of metals from PW by dolomite filtration. The successful completion of this research has the potential for transformative impact through the generation of new fundamental knowledge and modeling tools to advance the design and implementation of dolomite filtrations as an efficient and cost-effective technology to remove toxic metal ions from high salinity PW. To implement the education and outreach activities of the project, the PIs plan to integrate the findings from this research into existing and relevant course modules at both Oklahoma State University (OSU) and Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T). In addition, the PIs propose to leverage existing programs at their respective institutions to recruit graduate/undergraduate students from underrepresented groups to work on this project including the Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation at OSU and the Summer Engineering Research Academy at Missouri S&T.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在美国，每年石油和天然气生产会产生超过 8900 亿桶受污染的废水，通常称为采出水 (PW)。这种纯净水通常含有高浓度的盐（主要是氯化钠）和多种碱土金属、重金属和天然存在的放射性物质。这些污染物包括钙 (Ca)、镁 (Mg)、钡 (Ba)、锶 (Sr)、砷 (As)、镉 (Cd) 和镭 (Ra)。高浓度的盐和有毒金属的结合使得纯净水的处理和再利用非常具有挑战性且成本高昂。该项目的总体目标是探索利用低成本白云石过滤器去除高盐度废水中的有毒金属。基于有希望的初步结果，主要研究人员 (PI) 提议研究控制白云石在一系列水相盐度、温度和成分下从 PW 中去除有毒金属离子及其混合物的机制和过程变量。该项目的成功完成将通过产生基础知识来推动低成本白云石过滤技术的开发和实施，以去除水和其他高盐废水流中的有毒金属，从而造福社会。将通过外展和教育活动为社会带来额外的好处，包括指导俄克拉荷马州立大学的两名研究生和密苏里科技大学的一名研究生。在美国 (US)，每生产一桶石油，油气井就会产生约 10 加仑的水。这种采出水 (PW) 含有高浓度的盐和有毒金属，因此必须进行处理才能再利用。然而，由于处理成本高昂，美国的大部分纯净水都是通过深层注入地下地层进行处理的，这可能会污染淡水资源和/或引发地震。该项目的目标是研究使用钡 (Ba)、锶 (Sr)、砷 (As) 和镉 (Cd) 作为模型有毒金属，通过低成本白云石过滤器从模型 PW 中去除有毒金属及其混合物离子。为了推进这一目标，首席研究员 (PI) 建议围绕四个目标开展综合实验和建模研究计划。目标 1 将通过间歇式和流过柱实验研究水相 (PW) 盐度、组成和温度对白云石去除有毒金属离子的影响。目标 2 将结合扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、X 射线荧光 (XRF) 等成像和分析工具，评估白云石表面形态和成分的变化对有毒金属离子去除的影响光谱、扩展 X 射线吸收精细结构 (EXAFS) 光谱。目标 3 将结合表面滴定和电动测量，确定有毒金属离子与白云石络合在一系列水相组成、盐度和温度下的固有稳定性常数。目标 4 将探索表面络合和反应传输模型的开发和验证，以模拟通过白云石过滤从 PW 中去除金属。这项研究的成功完成有可能产生变革性的影响，通过产生新的基础知识和建模工具来推进白云石过滤的设计和实施，作为一种高效且经济高效的技术，从高盐度纯净水中去除有毒金属离子。为了实施该项目的教育和推广活动，PI 计划将这项研究的结果整合到俄克拉荷马州立大学 (OSU) 和密苏里科技大学 (Missouri S&T) 现有的相关课程模块中。此外，PI建议利用各自机构的现有项目，从代表性不足的群体中招募研究生/本科生来参与该项目，包括俄勒冈州立大学的路易斯斯托克斯少数族裔参与联盟和密苏里科技大学的夏季工程研究学院。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。