Collaborative Research: Sediment fluxes in boreal rivers: determining relative seasonal loads and expanding long-term monitoring capability

合作研究：北方河流泥沙通量：确定相对季节性负荷并扩大长期监测能力

• 批准号: 2153778
• 负责人: Emily Eidam
• 金额: $ 33.66万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2153778&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Sediment; fluxes; boreal

Sediments are transported by rivers to global oceans where they help form coastal landforms including beaches, deltas, and marshes. The amount of sediment discharged by rivers annually has been measured for numerous rivers worldwide, but data for Arctic river sediment loads remains sparse largely due to inaccessibility during winter and the springtime “breakup” season (when large blocks of ice fail and move downstream, typically in conjunction with high river flow). The research community is also challenged by the costs of sensors, which are too valuable to deploy in large numbers or during risky ice-covered and breakup seasons. The research will engage local Alaska Native school students in the data collection for the project and supports early career women and students.In this project, a recently developed “do-it-yourself” optical backscatter sensor will be leveraged in order to make improved measurements of Arctic fluvial sediment fluxes. These sensors can be built for less than 10% of the cost of commercial sensors, and in this project they will be expanded to include data logging and power that is separate from the sensor, as well as satellite-enabled data transmission. These developments will allow sensor deployments in summer, fall, and winter seasons on the Tanana River near Fairbanks, AK in order to constrain sediment concentrations in three seasons. Drone-based deployments will be conducted during spring breakup to complete the four seasons of measurements. Deployments will be complemented by surveys of river velocity and modeling of fluvial sediment transport in order to better understand annual sediment loads. The ultimate aim is to provide a tool for fluvial sediment measurements across the Arctic (and beyond).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

河流将沉积物运到全球海洋，在那里它们有助于形成包括海滩，三角洲和沼泽在内的沿海地面。每年在全球众多河流中测量了河流排放的沉积物量，但是北极河流沉积物负荷的数据在很大程度上仍然很少，这在很大程度上是由于冬季和春季“分裂”季节（当时很大的冰块失败并在下游移动，通常与高河流相结合时）。研究界还受到传感器成本的挑战，传感器的成本太有价值，无法大量部署或在风险覆盖的冰覆盖和分手季节中。这项研究将吸引阿拉斯加当地的本地学校学生参与该项目的数据收集，并支持早期的职业妇女和学生。在该项目中，将利用最近开发的“自己动手”的光学反向散射传感器，以改进北极河流沉积物的测量。这些传感器可以以不到商业传感器成本的10％构建，在此项目中，它们将被扩展到包括与传感器分开的数据记录和功率，以及启用卫星的数据传输。这些事态发展将使在Fairbanks附近的Tanana河上的夏季，秋季和冬季进行传感器部署，以限制三个季节的沉积物浓度。基于无人机的部署将在春季分手期间进行，以完成四个季节的测量。部署将通过对河流速度的调查和河流沉积物运输的建模来完成，以便更好地了解年度沉积物负荷。最终的目的是为北极（及以后）的河流沉积物测量提供工具。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为是通过评估来获得的支持。