The Racial Gap in Entrepreneurship and Business Ownership

创业和企业所有权方面的种族差距

• 批准号: 2152456
• 负责人: John Earle
• 金额: $ 35万
• 依托单位: George Mason University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2152456&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Racial; Gap; Entrepreneurship; Business; Ownership

Why are there so few Black-owned businesses in the U.S.? This project first documents this racial gap with much more recent and comprehensive data than have been studied previously. Using longitudinal business data, the project will study firm dynamics, decomposing the gap into differences in start-up and exit rates by owner race. An important focus will be understanding the lower survival rates in Black-owned businesses, especially in their early, vulnerable years. The project will analyze causes of racial differences, including owner human capital and firm characteristics, with the key hypothesis that tougher financial constraints faced by Black entrepreneurs reduce the survival rate of their firms. The project will estimate the causal effects on firm survival of credit programs that may increase financial access for Black business owners. In these ways, the project will contribute to understanding the racial gap in entrepreneurship and business ownership, which is a crucial, but little studied component of the broader issue of racial inequality.The project brings new data and methods to analyzing the racial gap. The use of Census Bureau micro-data represents an advance over previous work, as much better data at the firm-level have gradually become available, and the project will knit them together into a new longitudinal database with a rich set of variables on owners and firms. The analysis of differences in firm dynamics by race using a panel dataset has little precedent and allows the research to focus on the key outcome of survival in a way that is difficult if not impossible with only a cross-section. The rich data enable an assessment of the roles of characteristics of entrepreneurs, including their motivations and choices, impacting survival outcomes. The project also develops innovative identification strategies, based on panel regression, matching, instrumental variable, and regression discontinuity methods, for assessing the role of financial constraints in firm survival, exploiting plausibly exogenous variation using data from two programs: the Small Business Administration’s 7(a) loan program and the Community Reinvestment Act.This project was jointly supported by the Partnerships for Innovation (PFI) and Science of Science: Discovery, Communication, and Impact Programs (SOS:DCI).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

为什么在美国有这么少的黑人企业？该项目首先记录了这种种族差距，其最新和全面的数据比以前所研究的数据要多得多。使用纵向业务数据，该项目将研究公司动态，将差距分解为所有者种族的启动和退出率的差异。一个重要的重点将是了解黑人拥有的企业的生存率较低，尤其是在他们早期脆弱的岁月中。该项目将分析种族差异的原因，包括所有者人力资本和企业特征，并以关键假设，即黑人企业家面临的更严格的财务限制降低了其公司的生存率。该项目将估计对信贷计划的企业生存的灾难性影响，这可能会增加黑人企业主的财务通道。通过这些方式，该项目将有助于理解企业家精神和企业所有权的种族差距，这是种族不平等问题更广泛问题的重要组成部分。该项目带来了分析种族差距的新数据和方法。人口普查局Micro-DATA的使用代表了对以前的工作的进步，因为在公司层面的数据逐渐可用，并且该项目将将它们共同编织到一个新的纵向数据库中，并在所有者和公司上拥有丰富的变量。使用面板数据集对企业动态差异的分析几乎没有先例，并且可以使研究重点关注生存的关键结果，而这种方式仅在横截面上很难即使不是不可能。丰富的数据能够评估企业家特征的作用，包括他们的动机和选择，影响生存结果。该项目还基于面板回归，匹配，工具可变和回归不连续方法制定创新的识别策略，以评估财务约束在公司生存中的作用，使用两个计划中的数据利用数据来利用外在的差异：使用两个计划中的数据：小型企业行政管理计划的7（a）贷款计划和社区依据。科学：发现，沟通和影响计划（SOS：DCI）。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。