CAREER: Enabling Dynamic, Adaptive, and Reliable Battery-free Embedded Computing

职业：实现动态、自适应且可靠的无电池嵌入式计算

• 批准号: 2145584
• 负责人: Josiah Hester
• 金额: $ 63.19万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-01 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2145584&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Enabling; Dynamic; Adaptive; Reliable

For decades, embedded computing and sensing systems have relied primarily on battery power. Yet, batteries are bulky, expensive, high-maintenance, and not sustainable for the next trillion devices. Instead of relying on energy stored in a battery, an emerging class of computing devices harvests all energy needed for operation from sources such as the sun, motion, radio waves, and vibration. However, building sophisticated applications on these battery-free systems is challenging due to frequent power failures from fluctuations in energy harvesting. Programmers must figure out how to string together fragments of execution to meet application goals while dealing with novel software and hardware bugs that stem from power failures. Because of this, memory-intensive, inference-heavy, and user-facing applications have rarely materialized on battery-free devices. New general-purpose hardware platforms with accelerators and heterogeneous computing modules are needed to build these applications. However, hardware is not enough. With new hardware comes new challenges like scalability, dynamism, and memory-efficient checkpointing. This project explores intermittent computing systems and toolchain support for integrating diverse computing modules, like FPGAs, Accelerators, and Vector Processors, alongside traditional microcontrollers. The project weaves scalability across the intermittent computing system stack, leveraging these new modules to enable reactive, adaptive, and high-performance applications on this important new class of computing devices. This project will explore and prototype scalable hardware platforms, adaptive software systems, high-level programming languages, and energy introspection tools that enable even novice developers to quickly prototype sophisticated battery-free applications, despite power failures. These advancements will be demonstrated and evaluated in the context of real-world deployments in mobile health, habitat monitoring, and interactive devices.Battery-free embedded systems offer a transformative and ecologically sustainable approach for building the next trillion computing devices. This project fills a gap for system designers who lack the hardware platforms, efficient runtime systems, and focused tools to build capable, data-intensive, reactive, and reliable applications with these devices. The results of this research will impact fields across scientific and industrial interests: including healthcare (wearable and body sensor networks), ecology, horticulture, infrastructure, conservation, and public utility monitoring, and many other areas where long-term, massive scale sensing is essential. The hardware, systems, and tools will speed up research and commercialization in critical sectors like smart cities and the Internet of Things. The project's demonstration applications, including smart health devices, interactive devices, and novice-focused programming environments, will provide proof of approach to encourage uptake of battery-free devices. The project includes outreach and education initiatives focused on increasing participation among Native Hawaiian youth in computing by introducing computing concepts via building sustainable and conservation-focused embedded systems applications in partnership with a Native Hawaiian serving public school and non-profit organizations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

几十年来，嵌入式计算和传感系统主要依赖电池电量。然而，电池是笨重，昂贵，高维护的，并且在接下来的设备上是不可持续的。一类新兴的计算设备不依靠存储在电池中的能量，而是收获了从太阳，运动，无线电波和振动等来源运行所需的所有能量。但是，由于能源收集的波动频繁发生故障，因此在这些无电池系统上构建复杂的应用程序具有挑战性。程序员必须弄清楚如何将执行片段串在一起以满足应用程序目标，同时处理源于功率故障的新型软件和硬件错误。因此，很少在无电池设备上实现内存，较重和面向用户的应用程序。构建这些应用程序需要新的带有加速器和异质计算模块的通用硬件平台。但是，硬件还不够。有了新的硬件，带来了新的挑战，例如可扩展性，动力学和记忆有效的检查点。该项目探讨了间歇性计算系统和工具链支持，以将各种计算模块（例如FPGA，加速器和矢量处理器）与传统的微控制器一起集成。该项目编织了间歇性计算系统堆栈中的可扩展性，利用这些新模块在此重要的新计算设备上启用反应性，自适应和高性能应用程序。该项目将探索和原型可扩展的硬件平台，自适应软件系统，高级编程语言和能源内省工具，即使发生故障，也可以快速原型开发人员快速原型复杂的无电池应用程序。这些进步将在移动健康，栖息地监测和交互式设备的现实部署的背景下进行证明和评估。无油箱的嵌入式系统为建造下一万亿计算设备提供了一种变革性且具有生态可持续性的方法。该项目填补了缺乏硬件平台，有效的运行时系统以及专注的工具的系统设计人员的空白，以使用这些设备构建功能强大，具有数据密集型，反应性和可靠的应用程序。这项研究的结果将影响跨科学和工业兴趣的领域：包括医疗保健（可穿戴和身体传感器网络），生态学，园艺，基础设施，保护和公共事业监测，以及许多其他长期，大规模尺度感测至关重要的领域。硬件，系统和工具将加快智能城市和物联网等关键部门的研究和商业化。该项目的演示应用程序，包括智能健康设备，交互式设备和以新手为中心的编程环境，将提供方法证明，以鼓励使用无电池设备。该项目包括通过引入计算概念来通过建立可持续和以保护的嵌入式系统应用来与夏威夷式公立学校和非营利性组织合作的合作来介绍计算概念来增加计算概念的参与，以增加夏威夷原住民的参与。该奖项反映了NSF的法规委员会通过评估范围，通过评估了Intelliaial，这表明，宣传和教育计划的范围是通过评估及其范围的范围。

项目成果

Circularity in Energy Harvesting Computational "Things"

• DOI: 10.1145/3560905.3568106
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
• 作者: Nivedita Arora;Vikram Iyer;Hyun-Man Oh;G. Abowd;Josiah D. Hester

WARio: efficient code generation for intermittent computing

• DOI: 10.1145/3519939.3523454
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation
• 作者: Vito Kortbeek;Josiah D. Hester;Simone Campanoni

EquityWare: Co-Designing Wearables With And For Low Income Communities In The U.S.

• DOI: 10.1145/3544548.3580980
• 发表时间: 2023-04
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
• 作者: Stefany Cruz;Alexander Redding;C. Chau;Claire Lu;Julia Persche;Josiah D. Hester;Maia L. Jacobs

Efficient and Safe I/O Operations for Intermittent Systems

间歇系统高效、安全的 I/O 操作

• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Eighteenth European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys ’23
• 作者: Yildiz, Eren;Ahmed, Saad;Islam, Bashima;Hester, Josiah;Yildirim, Kasim S.
• 通讯作者: Yildirim, Kasim S.

Protean: Adaptive Hardware-Accelerated Intermittent Computing

Protean：自适应硬件加速间歇计算

• DOI: 10.1145/3599184.3599186
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications
• 作者: Bakar, Abu;Goel, Rishabh;de Winkel, Jasper;Huang, Jason;Ahmed, Saad;Islam, Bashima;Pawelczak, Przemyslaw;Yildirim, Kasim Sinan;Hester, Josiah
• 通讯作者: Hester, Josiah