Keeping Shelters in Place: Understanding the Impacts of Residential Landlord Decision-Making on Post-Disaster Housing Stability

保持住所到位：了解住宅业主决策对灾后住房稳定性的影响

• 批准号: 2139816
• 负责人: Jane Rongerude
• 金额: $ 63.54万
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-11-01 至 2024-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2139816&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Keeping; Shelters; Place; Understanding; Impacts

This research is responding to the local threats to rental housing security that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rental housing occupies a significant portion of the housing stock in US metropolitan areas, yet researchers know very little about the specific characteristics of the institutional and non-institutional entities that hold titles to those properties and determine housing supply, rents, and the conditions of both buildings and units. To further complicate this scenario, regulatory environments and rental housing market dynamics vary greatly across space, both within and between metropolitan regions. Resiliency, the ability to withstand and recover from a disaster or a shock, is shaped by the conditions of the local housing market and the associated regulatory environment. However, it is also shaped by the behaviors of the landlord population operating within that milieu. In the absence of existing knowledge about landlord characteristics, behaviors, and needs, cities and policy makers responding to disasters are left guessing how to stabilize their rental markets, keep renters housed, deliver meaningful assistance to property owners, and plan for an effective post-disaster recovery. This study contributes to the progress of science by investigating rental property owner characteristics and identifying meaningful rental owner categories as they relate to disaster and post-disaster decision-making. It contributes to the national health, prosperity and welfare by linking that knowledge to disaster-related rental housing outcomes in specific places. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that the security of the rental housing market is intertwined with a landlord’s ability to tackle financial challenges. The decisions that landlords make in the midst of a disaster affect not only their tenants’ ability to remain housed, but the ability of the city to respond to and recover from the event and ensure future housing stability.The central hypothesis of this study is that when responding to disasters, non-institutional rental property owners make property and investment decisions that accelerate ownership consolidation and reduce post-disaster housing security within communities. The research is structured as a longitudinal study using an innovative, convergent approach that brings together social science and data science in order to create new datasets and tools for data analysis. It fills a major gap in existing knowledge by investigating landlord decision-making across the stages of the disaster management cycle and identifying meaningful categories of non-institutional rental property owners based on landlord characteristics. This study sets out to answer not just who landlords are, but how they respond to disasters and how disaster-induced changes in the landlord population might continue to affect the built environment of cities and communities into the future. There are two nested research efforts within this proposal: to understand landlord characteristics and decision-making within the context of the post-pandemic recovery and potential future shocks or disasters; and, through data science approaches, to identify and characterize the landlord population and the potential value of better data utilization for promoting rental housing security during local recovery from hazard-related shocks and stresses. The overall project goals to improve housing outcomes within local disaster recovery efforts draw from the domain of social science including planning, sociology, economics, and finance. The project goals to create tools that improve the local institutional capacity for identifying and communicating with landlords rely on the domain of data science research. This project’s integrative methodology strengthens the capacity of each domain, generating an innovative approach where social science research is able to resolve the enduring problem of landlord invisibility and the data science techniques are refined through their application to real world problems. The unit of analysis for this study is the rental property owner, specifically non-institutional investors, in nine mid-sized US cities. These cites, though of similar size, have varied housing stocks, socioeconomic characteristics, and political orientations. They also provided unique state and local responses to the COVID housing crisis. Five of the cities are located in states that are part of the Gulf Coast region. All have either been recently affected by hazard-related disasters or are at high risk of experiencing a disaster. This chronological range of disaster experience and recovery will allow the tracking of landlord perspectives across the disaster management cycle.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究负责当地对共同住房安全性租赁住房安全的威胁。租赁住房案件是美国大都市地区住房库存的很大一部分，但是研究人员对机构和非机构实体的具体特征知之甚少，这些特征持有这些财产，并确定住房供应，租金以及两座建筑物和单位的条件。为了进一步使这种情况复杂化，在大都市区域内和之间，整个空间之间的监管环境和租赁住房市场动态差异很大。弹性，承受灾难或冲击的能力是由当地住房市场和相关监管环境的条件塑造的。但是，这也是由在该环境中运作的房东人口的行为所塑造的。在缺乏有关房东特征，行为和需求的现有知识的情况下，对灾难做出反应的城市和政策制定者猜测如何稳定其租赁市场，保持租金，为房地产所有者提供有意义的援助，并计划有效的餐后恢复。这项研究通过调查租赁财产所有者角色并确定与灾难和灾难后决策有关的有意义的租赁所有者类别来促进科学的进步。通过将知识与特定地方与灾难相关的租赁住房结果联系起来，为国家健康，繁荣和福利做出了贡献。 COVID-19大流行表明，租赁住房市场的安全与房东应对财务挑战的能力交织在一起。房东在灾难中做出的决策不仅会影响其租户留住住房的能力，而且会影响城市应对和从活动中恢复并确保未来住房稳定的能力。这项研究的核心假设是，在对灾难做出响应时，对非机构财产所有人的财产所有人和投资决策降低了邮政为居住和置于邮政为居住的人，并降低了邮政为居民的保障。这项研究是使用创新的，融合的方法作为纵向研究的结构，该方法将社会科学和数据科学汇集在一起​​，以创建新的数据集和数据分析工具。它通过在灾难管理周期的阶段调查房东决策，并根据房东特征确定非机构租赁财产所有者的有意义的类别，从而填补了现有知识的重大差距。这项研究不仅要回答谁是房东，而且要回答他们如何应对灾难以及房东人口的灾难引起的变化如何继续影响未来的城市和社区的建筑环境。该提案中有两项嵌套的研究工作：在大流行后恢复和潜在的未来冲击或灾难的背景下了解房东的特征和决策；并且，通过数据科学方法，以识别和表征房东人口以及更好的数据利用的潜在价值，以促进与危险相关的冲击和压力中局部恢复期间促进租赁住房安全性的潜在价值。改善当地灾难恢复工作中住房成果的总体项目目标取决于社会科学领域，包括计划，社会学，经济学和金融。创建工具的项目目标，以提高当地的机构识别和与房东进行交流的能力，依赖于数据科学研究的领域。该项目的综合方法能够增强每个领域的能力，从而产生一种创新的方法，在该方法中，社会科学研究能够解决房东隐身性的持久问题，并且通过将其应用于现实世界中的问题来完善数据科学技术。这项研究的分析单位是九个中型城市的租赁财产所有人，特别是非机构投资者。这些地点虽然规模相似，但具有各种各样的住房库存，社会经济特征和政治取向。他们还为共同住房危机提供了独特的州和地方反应。其中五个城市位于墨西哥湾沿岸地区的一部分。所有这些都最近受到与危险有关的灾难的影响，或者面临灾难的高风险。按时间顺序排列的灾难经验和恢复将允许在整个灾难管理周期中跟踪房东的观点。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准来通过评估来获得支持的。