Collaborative Research: Sublimation of Snow (SOS)

合作研究：雪的升华（SOS）

• 批准号: 2139809
• 负责人: Julie Vano
• 金额: $ 19.97万
• 依托单位: Aspen Global Change Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-15 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2139809&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Sublimation; Snow; SOS

Snowpack plays a vital role in water resources, especially for regions that get water from the seasonal melt of mountain snowfall. However, melting is not the only way that the snowpack is depleted. Sublimation of snow refers to the process by which snow changes directly to water vapor. The impact of sublimation is not well understood, nor are the specific atmospheric conditions that lead to more or less sublimation. This project will help to address questions related to those topics by deploying a set of advanced instrumentation in Colorado in the 2022-23 winter season. The result of this project will be a dataset that can be used to determine whether numerical models are handling sublimation correctly, and if not, how to improve them. The research team will communicate with relevant stakeholder groups, such as water managers, and develop short videos that explain difficult concepts in clear language accessible to the general public. Students will be directly involved in the field campaign, thereby training the next generation of observational and data analysis scientists.The research team will conduct the Sublimation of Snow (SOS) field campaign in Kettle Ponds, Colorado during the 2022-23 winter season. Snow sublimation plays a significant role in water resources but the physics that govern rates of sublimation are not fully understood. This project will focus on the role of wind in sublimation, both in low-wind conditions where turbulence is crucial, and in higher-wind conditions when blowing snow factors in. The SOS field campaign is embedded within a larger DOE-sponsored campaign called the Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL) which will provide remote sensing measurements from radars and lidars. SOS will contribute four flux towers (NCAR Integrated Surface Flux Systems, ISFS) for turbulence and latent heat flux measurements, along with a number of other instruments that will provide snow depth, density, and water content, soil and snowpack temperatures, and blowing snow characteristics. Three key science questions will be addressed: What governs the characteristics of the near-surface boundary layer over snow in complex terrain, and how these characteristics evolve through time? Over a winter season, how frequently do different boundary layer regimes occur, how much snow sublimation occurs during each, and how does this affect the total seasonal mass and energy balance? What measurement and analysis strategies are most robust for quantifying snow sublimation in a mountain valley?This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

积雪在水资源中发挥着至关重要的作用，特别是对于从季节性山雪融化获取水的地区。 然而，融化并不是积雪耗尽的唯一方式。 雪的升华是指雪直接变成水蒸气的过程。 升华的影响以及导致或多或少升华的具体大气条件尚不清楚。 该项目将通过在 2022-23 冬季在科罗拉多州部署一套先进仪器来帮助解决与这些主题相关的问题。 该项目的结果将是一个数据集，可用于确定数值模型是否正确处理升华，如果没有，如何改进它们。 研究团队将与水管理者等相关利益相关群体进行沟通，并制作短片，以公众易于理解的清晰语言解释困难的概念。 学生将直接参与实地活动，从而培训下一代观测和数据分析科学家。研究团队将于 2​​022-23 冬季在科罗拉多州 Kettle Ponds 开展雪升华 (SOS) 实地活动。 雪升华在水资源中发挥着重要作用，但控制升华速率的物理原理尚不完全清楚。 该项目将重点研究风在升华中的作用，无论是在湍流至关重要的低风条件下，还是在吹雪因素的强风条件下。SOS 现场活动嵌入在能源部资助的一项名为“SOS”的大型活动中。地表大气综合现场实验室（SAIL）将提供雷达和激光雷达的遥感测量。 SOS 将提供四个通量塔（NCAR 集成表面通量系统，ISFS）用于湍流和潜热通量测量，以及许多其他仪器，这些仪器将提供雪深、密度和含水量、土壤和积雪温度以及吹雪特征。 将解决三个关键的科学问题：复杂地形中雪上近地表边界层的特征受什么控制，以及这些特征如何随时间演变？ 在冬季，不同边界层状态发生的频率如何，每个边界层状态发生多少雪升华，以及这如何影响总季节质量和能量平衡？ 哪些测量和分析策略对于量化山谷中的雪升华最有效？该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。