EAGER: Climatic influences on migratory fidelity

EAGER：气候对迁徙保真度的影响

• 批准号: 2135479
• 负责人: Joshua Miller
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: University of Cincinnati Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2135479&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Climatic; influences; migratory; fidelity

How animals may respond to climate change is a central and controversial issue in ecology. This project will examine how antlers shed by caribou in northern Alaska can reveal how much females have changed the location of where they give birth (their “calving grounds”) as climate has shifted over decades and centuries. This is made possible by the simple facts that females grow antlers every year and shed them within days of giving birth and that the shed antlers do not break down. Lasting for centuries, they can be found, collected and analyzed to reveal when they were shed. The researcher will link that information with separate records of climate at the time each female gave birth. The antlers can also reveal patterns of migration. The key point is that this simple approach allows one to measure the influence of climate across time scales that match those of natural climate cycles. Complicated models with many assumptions are unnecessary. This work benefits society by providing data to help manage caribou populations. The researcher will foster communication between scientists, managers, and policy makers in the USA and Canada. Finally, the project will support outreach and training activities for school-aged students in a village of the Gwich'in Indigenous Nation near the Arctic Refuge, as well as primary school, college, and graduate students in Cincinnati, Ohio.This project uses shed female caribou antlers sampled from the Coastal Plain calving grounds of the Porcupine Caribou Herd (Arctic Refuge) to identify how the geographic distribution of calving grounds has changed through time. The central hypothesis is that variability in reproductively-tied landscape use (i.e., calving grounds) is strongly influenced by climate. For each antler, date-of-shed will be estimated using a combination of radiocarbon dating and time-calibrated states of bone decay. Changes in the geographic distribution of calving grounds across decadal- to centennial-timescales will be paired with records of the Arctic Oscillation to test the roles of climate on migratory fidelity and to evaluate impacts of current climate trajectories on future long-distance (caribou) migration. The aims of this research are to (1) establish a whole-antler model for determining sex of unknown caribou antlers, (2) establish the stages and rates of arctic bone weathering, and (3) quantify the climatic influences on the geographic variability of caribou calving grounds. More broadly, this work will highlight bone accumulations as sources of decadal- to centennial-scale data on population biology -- a resource with potential to dramatically expand the timescales with which many aspects of population and community ecology are studied.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

动物如何应对气候变化是生态学中的一个核心且有争议的问题，该项目将研究阿拉斯加北部驯鹿脱落的鹿角如何揭示雌性驯鹿在多大程度上改变了它们的分娩地点（它们的“产犊地”）。几十年和几个世纪以来，气候已经发生了变化，这是因为雌性每年都会长出鹿角，并在分娩后几天内脱落，而且脱落的鹿角可以持续几个世纪，可以被发现和收集。并进行分析以揭示何时研究人员将这些信息与每只雌鹿分娩时的气候记录联系起来，关键是这种简单的方法可以测量不同时间尺度的气候影响。与自然气候周期相匹配的复杂模型是不必要的，这项工作通过提供数据来帮助管理驯鹿种群，从而促进美国和加拿大科学家、管理者和政策制定者之间的沟通。该项目将支持外展和培训活动北极保护区附近 Gwich'in 土著民族村庄的学龄学生，以及俄亥俄州辛辛那提的小学、大学和研究生。该项目使用从美国沿海平原产犊地采集的棚内雌性驯鹿鹿角。豪猪驯鹿群（北极保护区），以明确产仔地的地理分布如何随时间变化。中心假设是，与繁殖相关的景观利用（即产仔地）的变化受到影响。对于每个鹿角，将结合放射性碳测年法和时间校准的骨腐烂状态来估计产鹿场的地理分布在十年到百年时间尺度上的变化，并将与记录配对。北极涛动的研究目的是测试气候对迁徙保真度的作用并评估当前气候轨迹对未来长途（驯鹿）迁徙的影响。用于确定未知驯鹿鹿角性别的整个鹿角模型，（2）确定北极骨骼风化的阶段和速率，以及（3）量化气候对驯鹿产仔地地理变化的影响更广泛地说，这项工作将重点关注骨骼。作为人口生物学十年至百年规模数据来源的积累反映了一种资源，有可能大大扩展人口和社区生态学许多方面研究的时间尺度。该奖项体现了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并被视为值得通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

项目成果

When did mammoths go extinct?

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05416-3
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: NATURE
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Miller, Joshua H.;Simpson, Carl
• 通讯作者: Simpson, Carl

Shed female caribou antlers extend records of calving activity on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge by millennia

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1059456
• 发表时间: 2023-02-08
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Miller，Joshua H.;Wald，Eric J.;Druckenmiller，Patrick
• 通讯作者: Druckenmiller，Patrick