CNH-S: Exploring the history of coupled climatic and human influences on ecosystem changes during the last one million years

CNH-S：探索过去一百万年气候和人类对生态系统变化的耦合影响的历史

• 批准号: 1826666
• 负责人: John Faith
• 金额: $ 74.18万
• 依托单位: University of Utah
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1826666&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Exploring; history; coupled; climatic

This interdisciplinary project will examine the ways in which climate and human activities influence natural ecosystems over the immense timespans reflected in the geological and archaeological records. Scientists increasingly recognize that the insights provided by such long-term records can play a valuable role in sustaining biodiversity in future, yet it is exceptionally difficult to tease apart human-driven versus natural ecosystem changes in the deep past. This project will develop a new approach that integrates computer modelling with collection and analysis of archaeological and geological data spanning the last one million years. Computer-generated models will test hypotheses about how various human activities and climatic processes influence environmental changes that can be detected in archaeological and geological data. This project will help with conservation and management decisions concerning people and the environment that can be applied anywhere in the world. This project will also develop high school curricular materials to explore how the natural world is shaped by climatic and human-driven processes.Geological and archaeological archives afford the opportunity to explore coupled human-natural systems over evolutionary timescales. The challenge is to disentangle natural and human systems, and their coupling, in the deep past. This project outlines an innovative approach for studying ancient human-environment interactions by integrating empirical geological and archaeological data with generative modeling. The latter provides a framework for understanding how processes that occur over ecological or ethnographic time-scales are reflected in time-averaged fossil archives. This approach, which can be applied virtually anywhere in the world, will be implemented in a study the Cape Floristic Region in southern Africa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and biodiversity hotspot of global significance. Although this exceedingly diverse ecosystem is under increasing threat from modern development, the legacy of human impact stretches back hundreds of millennia. This project aims to resolve the extent to which climatic and anthropogenic impacts have shaped the evolutionary history of this unique ecosystem, including the degree to which ecological functions provided by people are important to maintaining biodiversity. This will be accomplished through a program that includes primary data collection in the field and laboratory, and the integration and modelling of existing datasets to connect archaeological, paleoclimatic, paleontological, paleoecological, and geological archives that span the last one million years.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个跨学科的项目将研究气候和人类活动影响自然生态系统的方式，而在地质和考古记录中反映的巨大时间。科学家越来越认识到，这种长期记录提供的见解可以在将来维持生物多样性中发挥重要作用，但是在深层过去，嘲笑人类驱动与自然生态系统的变化非常困难。该项目将开发一种新方法，将计算机建模与过去一百万年的考古和地质数据的收集和分析集成在一起。计算机生成的模型将检验有关各种人类活动和气候过程如何影响环境变化的假设，这些变化可以在考古和地质数据中检测到。该项目将有助于保护和管理有关人和世界上任何地方的环境的决策。该项目还将开发高中课程材料，以探讨自然世界是如何通过气候和人为驱动过程来塑造自然世界的。地质和考古档案馆有机会探索耦合的人类自然系统，而不是进化时间表。面临的挑战是在过去的深处消除自然和人类系统及其耦合。该项目概述了一种创新的方法，用于研究古代人类环境相互作用，通过将经验地质和考古数据与生成建模整合在一起。后者提供了一个框架，以了解如何在时间平均化的化石档案中反映出生态或人种学时间量表的过程。这种方法几乎可以在世界任何地方应用，它将在南部非洲开普植物区域的研究中实施，这是联合国教科文组织世界遗产和生物多样性热点具有全球意义。尽管这个极其多样化的生态系统受现代发展的威胁越来越大，但人类影响的遗产却延伸了数百千年。该项目旨在解决气候和人为影响塑造了这个独特生态系统的进化历史的程度，包括人们提供的生态功能对于维持生物多样性很重要的程度。这将通过一个计划来完成，该程序包括现场和实验室中的主要数据收集，以及现有数据集的集成和建模，以连接跨越一百万年的考古，古气候，古生物学，古生态学和地质档案馆，该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估了基金会的范围，并通过评估了基金会和广泛的影响。

项目成果

Ecometrics and the paleoecological implications of Pleistocene faunas from the western coastal plains of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa

• DOI: 10.1002/jqs.3247
• 发表时间: 2020-09-21
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Faith, J. Tyler;Braun, David R.;Stynder, Deano
• 通讯作者: Stynder, Deano

The past, present, and future of herbivore impacts on savanna vegetation

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13685
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Journal of Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: A. C. Staver;Joel O. Abraham;G. Hempson;A. Karp;J. Faith

Deriving original nodule size of lithic reduction sets from cortical curvature: An application to monitor stone artifact transport from bipolar reduction

从皮质曲率推导出石质复位组的原始结节尺寸：监测双极复位石器传输的应用程序

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102671
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
• 作者: Douglass, Matthew;Davies, Benjamin;Braun, David R.;Tyler Faith, J.;Power, Mitchell;Reeves, Jonathan
• 通讯作者: Reeves, Jonathan

Fire and human management of late Holocene ecosystems in southern Africa

南部非洲全新世晚期生态系统的火灾和人类管理

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107600
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Quaternary Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Davies, Benjamin;Power, Mitchell J.;Braun, David R.;Douglass, Matthew J.;Mosher, Stella G.;Quick, Lynne J.;Esteban, Irene;Sealy, Judith;Parkington, John;Faith, J. Tyler
• 通讯作者: Faith, J. Tyler

Ecosystem engineering in the Quaternary of the West Coast of South Africa

• DOI: 10.1002/evan.21886
• 发表时间: 2021-02-18
• 期刊: EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Braun, David R.;Faith, John Tyler;Stynder, Deano
• 通讯作者: Stynder, Deano