LEAP-HI: Re-Engineering for Adaptable Lives and Businesses

LEAP-HI：为适应生活和商业而重新设计

• 批准号: 2053373
• 负责人: Cynthia Chen
• 金额: $ 199.99万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-11-01 至 2025-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2053373&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LEAP; HI; Re; Engineering; Adaptable

Maximizing efficiency has been the driving force for economic growth and industrial expansion in modern societies. It is also a defining attribute of the smart and sustainable cities movement. However, maximizing efficiency often results in systems that are unable to adapt to external disruptions, as demonstrated in the wake of many disasters, including COVID-19. While there have been calls for increasing redundancy, adding redundancies in systems design increases costs and resource demands. What is needed is an adaptable societal system that can operate in a variety of configurations in response to a wide range of disruptions, thereby displaying both efficiency and resilience. This Leading Engineering for America's Prosperity, Health, and Infrastructure (LEAP-HI) project supports fundamental research to generate the knowledge, mechanisms, and tools needed to design an adaptable society in which businesses and transportation systems can readily switch between alternative operating modalities, and people are informed and can adapt to system changes without undue hardship. The research methods and results will contribute to the US economy and prosperity and the public well-being and health. Two case studies addressing the vibrancy of small to mid-scale food systems in Seattle and Phoenix will focus on challenges encountered by marginalized communities that include disproportionately large shares of frontline workers in food establishments and public transit users. The project will engage students at both sites, and a studio class that integrates research and education will help train a new generation of students in engineering and planning for increased adaptability to disruptions.The project aims to develop systematic ways to reconfigure urban spaces for a variety of uses, design mechanisms that provide business owners and transit operators with a set of options and decision support tools capable of accounting for future uncertainties, and model how information flows through a system so that people can adapt to external disruptions. Equally important, the project integrates people, businesses, and transit into a system of systems, thus enabling a better understanding of how society can adapt to different disruptions. The whole decision support system will be tested in both Seattle and Phoenix. This research will advance knowledge at the intersection of different disciplinary areas including urban planning, controls and optimization, human behaviors, and transportation systems analysis. Specific scientific advances include the development of multi-stage optimization under uncertainty, modeling human adaptive behaviors for which the choice dimensions are no longer mutually exclusive, and modeling the co-evolution of multiple systems in the event of a disruption.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

效率最大化一直是现代社会经济增长和工业扩张的驱动力。它也是智慧和可持续城市运动的一个决定性属性。然而，最大化效率通常会导致系统无法适应外部干扰，包括 COVID-19 在内的许多灾难所证明的那样。尽管有人呼吁增加冗余，但在系统设计中增加冗余会增加成本和资源需求。我们需要的是一个适应性强的社会系统，能够以各种配置运行，以应对各种干扰，从而显示出效率和弹性。这一美国繁荣、健康和基础设施领先工程 (LEAP-HI) 项目支持基础研究，以生成设计一个适应性强的社会所需的知识、机制和工具，在这个社会中，企业和交通系统可以轻松地在替代运营模式之间切换，人们了解情况并能够适应系统的变化而不会遇到过度的困难。研究方法和成果将为美国经济繁荣以及公众福祉和健康做出贡献。关于西雅图和菲尼克斯中小型食品系统活力的两个案例研究将重点关注边缘化社区所面临的挑战，这些社区包括比例极高的食品企业一线工人和公共交通使用者。该项目将吸引两个地点的学生，一个集研究和教育于一体的工作室课程将有助于培训新一代工程和规划学生，以提高对破坏的适应能力。该项目旨在开发系统的方法来重新配置城市空间，以适应各种不同的需求。用途，设计机制，为企业主和交通运营商提供一套能够考虑未来不确定性的选项和决策支持工具，并对信息如何在系统中流动进行建模，以便人们能够适应外部干扰。同样重要的是，该项目将人员、企业和交通整合到一个系统中，从而使人们能够更好地了解社会如何适应不同的破坏。整个决策支持系统将在西雅图和菲尼克斯进行测试。这项研究将推进不同学科领域交叉领域的知识，包括城市规划、控制和优化、人类行为和交通系统分析。具体的科学进展包括不确定性下多阶段优化的发展、对选择维度不再相互排斥的人类适应性行为进行建模，以及对发生中断时多个系统的共同进化进行建模。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Analysis of Changes in Time Use and Activity Participation in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Implications for Well-Being

美国应对 COVID-19 大流行的时间使用和活动参与变化分析：对福祉的影响

• DOI: 10.1177/03611981231165020
• 发表时间: 2023-04
• 期刊: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
• 作者: Batur, Irfan;Dirks, Abbie C.;Bhat, Chandra R.;Polzin, Steven E.;Chen, Cynthia;Pendyala, Ram M.
• 通讯作者: Pendyala, Ram M.