Advances in High Energy Nuclear Physics

高能核物理进展

• 批准号: 2111568
• 负责人: Rainer Fries
• 金额: $ 29.84万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2111568&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Advances; Energy; Nuclear; Physics

Among the four fundamental forces in nature the strong nuclear force is understood the least. The strong force is behind many important processes in the universe. One particularly important aspect of the strong nuclear force is the existence of quark gluon plasma. If ordinary matter is heated up to temperatures of about 1,000,000,000,000 degrees, hotter than the core of the sun, atoms and molecules cease to exist and even protons and neutrons inside atomic nuclei melt. The remaining primordial soup of quarks and gluons is what filled the very early universe. One can recreate quark gluon plasma in large particle colliders by smashing heavy nuclei into each other. Experimental programs at the Large Hadron Collider in Europe and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in the US study quark gluon plasma. The PI and his group will carry out research that will improve our understanding of properties of quark gluon plasma in nuclear collisions. The project will use computer simulations, machine learning, and advanced statistical methods to reach this goal. It will provide training for graduate students and young scientists in nuclear science.Quark gluon plasma in nuclear collisions is studied through the use of probes that are created together with the plasma in these collisions. Among the most promising probes are high energy photons and jets. Photons have the unique property that the quark gluon plasma is almost transparent to them. They can thus deliver information from deep inside the droplet of plasma that is created. However, state-of-the-art calculations assume that the plasma is actually perfectly transparent to photons. This project attempts to quantify the errors that are made with the assumption of a complete absence of final state interactions. This can lead to a better understanding of available data on photons which exhibits some puzzling features. Jets are seen in detectors as collimated sprays of hadrons, i.e. bound states of quarks and gluons. They emerge from a single, very energetic quark or gluon that has been scattered away from the axis of the colliding beams. Jets evolve in a complicated pattern in space-time as well as momentum space while they interact with the plasma around them. This project will try to go beyond the simple space-time picture, inspired by classical propagation, that is often utilized in the interpretation of data, by looking at the equivalent of Wigner distributions for these jet showers. Lastly, the PI will continue to develop and explore the "Hybrid Hadronization" computer code. Hybrid Hadronization is a novel simulation of the process of quarks and gluons forming hadrons in the last phase of nuclear collisions. Applications will focus on jets and involve the recombination of quarks and gluons from the plasma with those in jets.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在自然界中的四个基本力量中，强大的核力量最少。强大的力量是宇宙中许多重要过程的背后。强大核力量的一个特别重要的方面是存在夸克gluon等离子体。如果将普通物质加热到约1,000,000,000度的温度，比太阳的核心更热，原子和分子不再存在，甚至原子核内部的质子和中子甚至都不存在。 Quark和Gluons剩下的原始汤是充满早期宇宙的原因。可以通过将沉重的核相互粉碎到彼此中，从而在大粒子壁中重新创建Quark Gluon血浆。欧洲大型强子对撞机的实验计划以及美国研究夸克gluon等离子体的相对论重离子对撞机。 PI和他的小组将进行研究，以提高我们对Quark Gluon等离子体在核碰撞中的特性的理解。该项目将使用计算机模拟，机器学习和高级统计方法来实现此目标。它将为研究生和核科学的年轻科学家提供培训。通过使用与等离子体在这些碰撞中创建的探针，研究了核碰撞中的Quark Gluon等离子体。最有希望的探针是高能光子和喷气机。光子具有夸克Gluon等离子体几乎透明的独特属性。因此，他们可以从创建的血浆液滴内部传递信息。但是，最新的计算假设血浆实际上对光子完全透明。该项目试图通过完全缺乏最终状态相互作用的假设来量化错误。这可以使对光子的可用数据更好地理解，这表现出一些令人困惑的功能。在探测器中可以看到喷气机作为直接喷雾剂，即夸克和振动的绑定状态。它们从一个非常有活力的夸克或gluon中浮出水面，该夸克或gluon散布在碰撞梁的轴上。当它们与周围的等离子体相互作用时，喷气机以复杂的方式以及动量空间发展。该项目将尝试超越受经典繁殖的启发的简单时空图片，这些图片通常通过查看这些喷射淋浴的wigner发行版来解释数据。最后，PI将继续开发和探索“混合强调”计算机代码。杂化强化是对在核冲突的最后阶段形成夸克和胶子过程的新模拟。申请将重点放在喷气机上，并涉及等离子体中的夸克和胶子的重组。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估审查标准的评估来支持的。

项目成果

Multisystem Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.103.054904
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: arXiv: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
• 作者: D. Everett;W. Ke;J. Paquet;G. Vujanovic;S. Bass;L. Du;C. Gale;M. Heffernan;U. Heinz

Shear stress tensor and specific shear viscosity of hot hadron gas in nuclear collisions

核碰撞中热强子气体的剪切应力张量和比剪切粘度

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.105.014910
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Yang, Zhidong;Fries, Rainer J.
• 通讯作者: Fries, Rainer J.

Role of bulk viscosity in deuteron production in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.106.064901
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: D. Everett;D. Oliinychenko;M. Luzum;J. Paquet;G. Vujanovic;S. Bass;L. Du;C. Gale;Matthew Heffernan;U. Heinz;L. Kasper;W. Ke;D. Liyanage;A. Majumder;A. Mankolli;C. Shen;D. Soeder;J. Velkovska;A. Angerami;R. Arora;S. Cao;Y. Chen;T. Dai;R. Ehlers;H. Elfner;W. Fan;R. Fries;F. Garza;Y. He;B. Jacak;P. Jacobs;S. Jeon;M. Kelsey;M. Kordell;A. Kumar;J. Latessa;Y. Lee;A. Lopez;S. Mak;C. Martin;Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar;T. Mengel;J. Mulligan;C. Nattrass;J. Putschke;G. Roland;B. Schenke;L. Schwiebert;A. Silva;C. Sirimanna;R. Soltz;J. Staudenmaier;M. Strickland;Y. Tachibana;X.-N. Wang;R. Wolpert

Determining the jet transport coefficient q̂ from inclusive hadron suppression measurements using Bayesian parameter estimation

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.104.024905
• 发表时间: 2021-02
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: S. Cao;Y. Chen;J. Coleman-;J. Mulligan;P. Jacobs;R. Soltz;A. Angerami;R. Arora;S. Bass

Angular momentum eigenstates of the isotropic 3-D harmonic oscillator: Phase-space distributions and coalescence probabilities

• DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2022.168960
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Annals of Physics
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Michael Kordell II;R. Fries;C. Ko