WoU-MMA: An Integrated Time Domain System for Discovery and Fast Follow-up of Gravitational Wave Events and Other Transients

WoU-MMA：用于发现和快速跟踪引力波事件和其他瞬变的集成时域系统

• 批准号: 2108032
• 负责人: David Sand
• 金额: $ 87.54万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2108032&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: WoU; MMA; Integrated; Time; Domain

Detection of the cosmic collisions of black holes and neutrons stars are happening on a regular basis with specialized experiments (such as the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory; LIGO), but astronomers struggle to identify the associated explosions because the positions are poorly localized on the sky. To locate the transient target in a large area on the sky requires fast reaction, machine learning techniques, and coordination between different teams and robotic telescopes. This project will develop the Arizona Time Domain System, a set of software tools and robotic telescopes designed to be able to follow-up quickly on reports of explosions. The system will interrogate streams of incoming data from telescopes and experiments around the world, parse them for interesting targets using machine learning techniques, and then react in real time to observe and gather data on the explosion. This sequence occurring with little or no human intervention. The resulting reduction in time between discovery of a new supernova or other cosmic explosion, and the characterization of that event will lead to new scientific understanding. The project plans an interaction with Pima Community College that will teach astronomy oriented computer programming to students.The field of multi-messenger astronomy has been energized by the discovery of electromagnetic emission from the binary neutron star merger GW170817, along with the discovery of further neutron star mergers during the third LIGO/Virgo observing run. To address open questions related to kilonova emission, more counterparts must be discovered, preferably at early times in order to distinguish between theoretical models. This project will build the Arizona Time Domain System (ATDS), an integrated set of tools to facilitate the discovery and follow-up of gravitational wave counterparts, in conjunction with two search telescopes. ATDS will provide significant discovery potential for LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA’s fourth advanced detector run (O4) and beyond. The ATDS will connect telescopes and alert data streams to an in-house transient broker that will send promising candidates to a newly built telescope observation manager that will rapidly institute photometric and spectroscopic follow-up This open source program will integrate several new, unproven and largely conceptual time domain tools into one of the first truly integrated time domain systems that will significantly advance our ability to respond to new gravitational wave events and their candidate counterparts. Such integrated systems will be essential for maximizing the science from both multi-messenger astrophysics and other large time domain surveys. All the tools and software developed as part of this program will be open source, benefiting the entire astronomical community. This project advances the goals of the Windows on the Universe Big Idea.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

通过专门的实验（例如激光干涉仪重力波观测站； Ligo）定期进行黑洞和中子星的宇宙碰撞，但天文学家努力识别相关的爆炸，因为这些位置局部稳定在天空上。为了在天空的大面积中找到瞬态目标，需要快速反应，机器学习技术以及不同团队和机器人望远镜之间的协调。该项目将开发Arizona Time Domain System，这是一组软件工具和机器人望远镜，旨在能够快速跟进爆炸报告。该系统将询问来自望远镜和实验的传入数据流，使用机器学习技术来解析它们的有趣目标，然后实时反应以观察和收集爆炸的数据。此序列发生在很少或没有人类干预的情况下。由于发现新的超新星或其他宇宙爆炸与该事件的表征之间的时间减少将导致新的科学理解。该项目计划与PIMA社区学院进行互动，该学院将向学生讲授面向天文学的计算机编程。通过发现二元中性恒星合并GW170817的电磁发射的多门会天文学领域，以及在第三次Ligo/Virgo Observer Runer中发现了进一步的Neutron Star Merggers。为了解决与基洛诺瓦排放有关的开放问题，必须发现更多的对应物，在早期优先考虑以区分理论模型。该项目将构建亚利桑那时域系统（ATD），这是一组集成的工具，可与两个搜索望远镜结合使用，以促进引力波对应物的发现和随访。 ATD将为Ligo/Wigo/Kagra的第四次高级检测器运行（O4）及以后提供巨大的发现潜力。 ATD将将望远镜和警报数据流连接到一个内部的临时经纪人，该经纪人将向新建的候选人发送承诺的候选人，将迅速建立望远镜观察经理，该望远镜观察经理将迅速建立光度法和光谱后续行动。该开源计划将集成几个新的，未经证实和大型概念域名的狂热狂潮，将其带入一个真正的全面范围，以使他们的第一个真正的时间域名及时助长了我们的首要时间范围，以使我们的新范围响应我们的新范围，以使我们的新范围响应我们的新范围，以使我们的新型狂热的范围响应，以使我们的新型狂热的范围响应了我们的新范围。同行。这种集成的系统对于从多门神经物理学和其他大型时域调查中最大化科学至关重要。作为该计划的一部分开发的所有工具和软件都将是开源的，从而使整个天文学社区受益。该项目促进了宇宙大意的窗户的目标。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估诚实地获得了支持。

项目成果

Limit on Supernova Emission in the Brightest Gamma-Ray Burst, GRB 221009A

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acbd50
• 发表时间: 2023-02
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: M. Shrestha;D. Sand;K. Alexander;K. Bostroem;G. Hosseinzadeh;J. Pearson;Mojgan Aghakhanloo;J. Vinkó;J. Andrews;J. Jencson;M. Lundquist;S. Wyatt;D. Howell;C. McCully;E. P. Gonzalez;C. Pellegrino;G. Terreran;D. Hiramatsu;M. Newsome;J. Farah;S. Jha;N. Smith;J. Wheeler;C. Martínez-Vázquez;J. Carballo-Bello;A. Drlica-Wagner;D. James;B. Mutlu-Pakdil;G. Stringfellow;J. Sakowska;N. Noël;C. Bom;K. Kuehn

A Systematic Exploration of Kilonova Candidates from Neutron Star Mergers during the Third Gravitational-wave Observing Run

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4d34
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: J. Rastinejad;K. Paterson;W. Fong;D. Sand;M. Lundquist;G. Hosseinzadeh;E. Christensen;P. Daly-P.-Dal

A kilonova following a long-duration gamma-ray burst at 350 Mpc

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05390-w
• 发表时间: 2022-04
• 期刊: Nature
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: J. Rastinejad;B. Gompertz;A. Levan;W. Fong;M. Nicholl;G. Lamb;D. Malesani;A. Nugent;S. Oates;N. Tanvir;A. de Ugarte Postigo;C. Kilpatrick;C. Moore;B. Metzger;M. Ravasio;A. Rossi;G. Schroeder;J. Jencson;D. Sand;N. Smith;José Feliciano Agüí Fernández;E. Berger;P. Blanchard;R. Chornock;B. Cobb;M. De Pasquale;J. Fynbo;L. Izzo;D. A. Kann;T. Laskar;E. Marini;K. Paterson;A. R. Escorial;H. Sears;C. Thöne

The Gravity Collective: A Search for the Electromagnetic Counterpart to the Neutron Star–Black Hole Merger GW190814

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac23c6
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: C. Kilpatrick;D. Coulter;I. Arcavi;T. Brink;G. Dimitriadis;A. Filippenko;R. Foley;D. Howell