WoU-MMA: An Integrated Time Domain System for Discovery and Fast Follow-up of Gravitational Wave Events and Other Transients

WoU-MMA：用于发现和快速跟踪引力波事件和其他瞬变的集成时域系统

• 批准号: 2108032
• 负责人: David Sand
• 金额: $ 87.54万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2108032&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: WoU; MMA; Integrated; Time; Domain

Detection of the cosmic collisions of black holes and neutrons stars are happening on a regular basis with specialized experiments (such as the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory; LIGO), but astronomers struggle to identify the associated explosions because the positions are poorly localized on the sky. To locate the transient target in a large area on the sky requires fast reaction, machine learning techniques, and coordination between different teams and robotic telescopes. This project will develop the Arizona Time Domain System, a set of software tools and robotic telescopes designed to be able to follow-up quickly on reports of explosions. The system will interrogate streams of incoming data from telescopes and experiments around the world, parse them for interesting targets using machine learning techniques, and then react in real time to observe and gather data on the explosion. This sequence occurring with little or no human intervention. The resulting reduction in time between discovery of a new supernova or other cosmic explosion, and the characterization of that event will lead to new scientific understanding. The project plans an interaction with Pima Community College that will teach astronomy oriented computer programming to students.The field of multi-messenger astronomy has been energized by the discovery of electromagnetic emission from the binary neutron star merger GW170817, along with the discovery of further neutron star mergers during the third LIGO/Virgo observing run. To address open questions related to kilonova emission, more counterparts must be discovered, preferably at early times in order to distinguish between theoretical models. This project will build the Arizona Time Domain System (ATDS), an integrated set of tools to facilitate the discovery and follow-up of gravitational wave counterparts, in conjunction with two search telescopes. ATDS will provide significant discovery potential for LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA’s fourth advanced detector run (O4) and beyond. The ATDS will connect telescopes and alert data streams to an in-house transient broker that will send promising candidates to a newly built telescope observation manager that will rapidly institute photometric and spectroscopic follow-up This open source program will integrate several new, unproven and largely conceptual time domain tools into one of the first truly integrated time domain systems that will significantly advance our ability to respond to new gravitational wave events and their candidate counterparts. Such integrated systems will be essential for maximizing the science from both multi-messenger astrophysics and other large time domain surveys. All the tools and software developed as part of this program will be open source, benefiting the entire astronomical community. This project advances the goals of the Windows on the Universe Big Idea.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

通过专门的实验（例如激光干涉仪引力波天文台；LIGO）定期检测到黑洞和中子星的宇宙碰撞，但天文学家很难识别相关的爆炸，因为这些爆炸的位置在天空上的定位很差要在天空中的大范围内定位瞬态目标，需要快速反应、机器学习技术以及不同团队和机器人望远镜之间的协调，该项目将开发一套软件“亚利桑那时域系统”。旨在能够快速跟踪爆炸报告的工具和机器人望远镜，该系统将询问来自世界各地的望远镜和实验的传入数据流，使用机器学习技术解析它们以寻找有趣的目标，然后实时做出反应。观察和收集有关爆炸的数据，从而减少发现新超新星或其他宇宙爆炸的时间，并对该事件进行表征，这将导致新的科学认识。计划与皮马社区学院将为学生教授面向天文学的计算机编程。双中子星合并 GW170817 中电磁发射的发现以及第三次 LIGO 期间进一步中子星合并的发现，为多信使天文学领域注入了活力。 /Virgo 观测运行。为了解决与千新星发射相关的悬而未决的问题，必须发现更多的太空舱，最好是在早期，以便区分理论模型。该项目将建造亚利桑那号。时域系统 (ATDS) 是一套促进引力波对发现和跟踪的集成工具，与两台搜索望远镜相结合，将为 LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA 的第四次高级探测器运行（O4）提供巨大的发现潜力。 ATDS 将把望远镜和警报数据流连接到内部瞬态代理，该代理将有前途的候选者发送给新建的望远镜观测管理器，该管理器将快速启动光度和光谱后续工作。将把几个新的、未经证实的、很大程度上是概念性的时域工具集成到第一个真正集成的时域系统中，这将显着提高我们响应新引力波事件及其候选代表的能力，这样的集成系统对于最大化科学至关重要。来自多信使天体物理学和其他大型时域调查的所有工具和软件都将是开源的，使整个天文学界受益，该项目推进了“宇宙之窗”大构想的目标。奖项反映通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，NSF 的法定使命被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Limit on Supernova Emission in the Brightest Gamma-Ray Burst, GRB 221009A

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acbd50
• 发表时间: 2023-02
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: M. Shrestha;D. Sand;K. Alexander;K. Bostroem;G. Hosseinzadeh;J. Pearson;Mojgan Aghakhanloo;J. Vinkó;J. Andrews;J. Jencson;M. Lundquist;S. Wyatt;D. Howell;C. McCully;E. P. Gonzalez;C. Pellegrino;G. Terreran;D. Hiramatsu;M. Newsome;J. Farah;S. Jha;N. Smith;J. Wheeler;C. Martínez-Vázquez;J. Carballo-Bello;A. Drlica-Wagner;D. James;B. Mutlu-Pakdil;G. Stringfellow;J. Sakowska;N. Noël;C. Bom;K. Kuehn

A Systematic Exploration of Kilonova Candidates from Neutron Star Mergers during the Third Gravitational-wave Observing Run

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4d34
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: J. Rastinejad;K. Paterson;W. Fong;D. Sand;M. Lundquist;G. Hosseinzadeh;E. Christensen;P. Daly-P.-Dal

A kilonova following a long-duration gamma-ray burst at 350 Mpc

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05390-w
• 发表时间: 2022-04
• 期刊: Nature
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: J. Rastinejad;B. Gompertz;A. Levan;W. Fong;M. Nicholl;G. Lamb;D. Malesani;A. Nugent;S. Oates;N. Tanvir;A. de Ugarte Postigo;C. Kilpatrick;C. Moore;B. Metzger;M. Ravasio;A. Rossi;G. Schroeder;J. Jencson;D. Sand;N. Smith;José Feliciano Agüí Fernández;E. Berger;P. Blanchard;R. Chornock;B. Cobb;M. De Pasquale;J. Fynbo;L. Izzo;D. A. Kann;T. Laskar;E. Marini;K. Paterson;A. R. Escorial;H. Sears;C. Thöne

The Gravity Collective: A Search for the Electromagnetic Counterpart to the Neutron Star–Black Hole Merger GW190814

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac23c6
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: C. Kilpatrick;D. Coulter;I. Arcavi;T. Brink;G. Dimitriadis;A. Filippenko;R. Foley;D. Howell