Collaborative Research: FET: Small: Massive Scale Computing and Optimization through On-chip ParameTric Ising MAchines (OPTIMA)

合作研究：FET：小型：通过片上 ParameTric Ising 机器进行大规模计算和优化 (OPTIMA)

• 批准号: 2103091
• 负责人: Philip Feng
• 金额: $ 22万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-15 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2103091&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; FET; Small; Massive

For decades, academia and industry have relied on deterministic algorithms and on general-purpose von-Neumann computing architectures to solve combinatorial-optimization (CO) problems within natural and social sciences. As Moore’s law continues to slow down, the existing computing paradigm is reaching the limit of maximum complexity of the CO problems it can tackle, thus becoming increasingly inadequate to answer, in reasonable times, the fundamental questions that keep rising in a wide range of disciplines, spanning from engineering, physics and medicine to economics and finance. By emulating quantum systems, new computing architectures known as Ising Machines (IMs) have been emerging. IMs offer the unique opportunity to solve extraordinarily complex CO problems much faster than any existing von-Neumann counterparts. Yet, to date, no IM technology can afford a massive number of spins to handle the currently unsolvable CO problems, while ensuring a low-power consumption, a compact form factor, a chip-scale integration and a manufacturability en masse through the consolidated wafer-scale fabrication processes offered by the semiconductor industry. The goal of this project is to explore and develop a new IM, namely the first On-chip ParameTric Ising MAchine (OPTIMA). Thanks to its unique highly reprogrammable dynamics, triggered without requiring any special environmental conditions or any time-consuming pre-processing steps while exclusively requiring chip-scale components that can be monolithic integrated in favor of a massive scale production, the development of OPTIMA will pave the way towards powerful, fast and miniaturized quantum-inspired computing systems, accessible to everybody from everywhere. This will allow the creation of new cyber infrastructures that scholars, scientists, engineers and educators worldwide will be able to use in order to address relevant technological and social challenges. The project team is collaborating with STEM education and workforce development programs, at both Northeastern University and the University of Florida, to organize and host on-campus activities with students and teachers from both K-12 schools and community colleges, as well as outreach visits to local schools to encourage and broaden participation of underrepresented groups. The project achievements are enriching both the undergraduate and the graduate courses that the investigators teach on circuit theory, advanced acoustic-based technologies for communication and sensing, micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS), and quantum engineering devices and systems. OPTIMA is leveraging the unique dynamical features governing the electrical response of a synchronized network of coupled on-chip Electro-Acoustic-Parametric-Oscillators (EAPOs) exploiting the uniquely combined ferroelectric and acoustic properties of Aluminum Scandium Nitride (AlScN) micro/nano devices to create extraordinarily low-power and highly miniaturized artificial spins, manufacturable through complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes. Such unique features allow the breaking of all the previous paradigms in the design of IMs by simultaneously enabling 106 spins, a CMOS-compatible wafer-scale manufacturing and room-temperature operation while consuming less than 1 Watt. Further, thanks to its highly parallelized computational flow and because the EAPOs are operating in the Super-High-Frequency (SHF) range, OPTIMA is able to solve even the hardest nondeterministic polynomial time (NP) CO problems in nanosecond time scales, independently of the problem size. Finally, since OPTIMA is manufacturable through CMOS compatible processes, it is greatly leveraging conventional IC components built on the same silicon wafer to enable flexible programming, based on the CO problems of interest, as well as compact read-out schemes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

几十年来，学术界和工业界一直依靠确定性算法和通用冯诺依曼计算架构来解决自然科学和社会科学中的组合优化（CO）问题，随着摩尔定律的不断放缓，现有的计算范式正在逐渐成熟。它可以解决的二氧化碳问题的最大复杂性的极限，因此越来越不足以在合理的时间内回答从工程、物理和医学到经济和金融等广泛学科中不断出现的基本问题。模拟量子系统，称为伊辛机（IM）的新型计算架构已经出现，提供了比任何现有冯诺依曼警察更快地解决极其复杂的二氧化碳问题的独特机会。大量旋转来处理当前无法解决的CO问题，同时通过整合的晶圆级确保低功耗、紧凑的外形尺寸、芯片级集成和大规模可制造性该项目的目标是探索和开发一种新的 IM，即第一个片上参数化机器 (OPTIMA)，该机器具有独特的高度可重编程动力学，无需任何特殊环境条件即可触发。或任何耗时的预处理步骤，同时只需要可单片集成的芯片级组件以支持大规模生产，OPTIMA的开发将为强大、快速和小型化铺平道路受量子启发的计算系统，可供世界各地的每个人使用，这将允许创建新的网络基础设施，全世界的学者、科学家、工程师和教育工作者都可以使用这些基础设施来解决相关的技术和社会挑战。在东北大学和佛罗里达大学开展 STEM 教育和劳动力发展计划，与 K-12 学校和社区学院的学生和教师一起组织和举办校园活动，并对当地学校进行外展访问，以鼓励并扩大代表性不足群体的参与。项目成果丰富了研究人员在电路理论、先进的基于声学的通信和传感技术、微/纳米机电系统 (MEMS/NEMS) 以及量子工程设备和系统方面教授的本科生和研究生课程。独特的动态特性控制耦合片上电声参量振荡器（EAPO）同步网络的电响应，利用铁电和声学特性的独特组合氮化铝钪 (AlScN) 微/纳米器件可创建极低功耗和高度小型化的人工自旋，可通过互补金属氧化物半导体 (CMOS) 工艺制造，这种独特的功能打破了之前的所有设计范式。通过同时实现 106 次旋转、CMOS 兼容的晶圆级制造和室温操作，同时功耗低于 1 瓦，可以实现 IM 的数量。此外，由于其高度并行化的计算流程，并且由于 EAPO 在超高频 (SHF) 范围内运行，OPTIMA 甚至能够在纳秒时间尺度上解决最困难的非确定性多项式时间 (NP) CO 问题，独立于最后，由于 OPTIMA 可通过 CMOS 兼容工艺制造，因此它极大地利用了构建在同一硅晶圆上的传统 IC 组件，以实现基于 CO 问题的灵活编程。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Air Damping Effects on Different Modes of AlN-on-Si Microelectromechanical Resonators

• DOI: 10.1109/mems49605.2023.10052273
• 发表时间: 2023-01
• 期刊: 2023 IEEE 36th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
• 作者: Yuncong Liu;S. M. Enamul Hoque Yousuf;Afzaal Qamar;M. Rais-Zadeh;P. Feng

Thin Film PZT Multimode Resonant MEMS Temperature Sensor

薄膜 PZT 多模谐振 MEMS 温度传感器

• DOI: 10.1109/sensors52175.2022.9967330
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Proceedings of IEEE Sensors 2022
• 作者: Sui, Wen;Kaisar, Tahmid;Wang, Haoran;Wu, Yihao;Lee, Jaesung;Xie, Huikai;Feng, Philip X.-L.
• 通讯作者: Feng, Philip X.-L.

Retaining High Q Factors in Electrode-Less Aln-On-Si Bulk Mode Resonators with Non-Contact Electrical Drive

采用非接触式电力驱动的无电极硅基铝体模式谐振器保持高品质因数

• DOI: 10.1109/mems51670.2022.9699607
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Proc. of the 35th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (IEEE MEMS 2022
• 作者: Yousuf, S M;Liu, Yuncong;Zheng, Xu-Qian;Qamar, Afzaal;Rais-Zadeh, Mina;Feng, Philip X.-L.
• 通讯作者: Feng, Philip X.-L.