Collaborative Research: SWIFT: SMALL: Continuous-tuning matrix-beamforming MIMO enabled multi-mode injection-locking passive Wi-Fi sensing

合作研究：SWIFT：SMALL：支持连续调谐矩阵波束成形 MIMO 的多模式注入锁定无源 Wi-Fi 传感

• 批准号: 2030094
• 负责人: Changzhi Li
• 金额: $ 24.77万
• 依托单位: Texas Tech University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2030094&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; SWIFT; SMALL; Continuous

Wi-Fi based sensing is attracting great interests for emerging applications such as vital signs monitoring, gesture recognition, through-the-wall imaging, and indoor localization. However, the state-of-the-art Wi-Fi sensing systems either require modification to the Wi-Fi access point, or do not have enough sensitivity/resolution to reliably support applications such as long-term micro-motion sensing. Conventional single mode operation also faces challenges in the presence of multiple human subjects. To tackle these challenges, in this project, a novel multi-mode passive Wi-Fi sensing system leveraging continuous tunable matrix beamforming and multi-mode injection lock detection technologies will be developed to transform current and next generation Wi-Fi infrastructure to enable many sensing applications for smart health care, human-machine interface, localization, public safety, and smart living. The proposed sensing system features low cost, low power, wide dynamic range, high sensitivity, continuous multiple-object tracking, and multiple-mode configuration with less computational effort. The research outcome may benefit the long-term U.S. health program and aim to make modern living and office environment smart with minimum added hardware costs and no extra spectrum resources. On the educational side, the project will create rich impacts on education for K-12, undergraduate, and underrepresented groups. It will also cultivate entrepreneurship mindset and integrate industrial experience into students training. This project focuses on new innovations in passive Wi-Fi sensing technology based on existing wireless infrastructure to boost its spectrum utilization efficiency. To be specific, the following innovations will be pursued: a) An advanced Nolen matrix beamforming and a group delay compensation inspired wideband methodology will be invented to support concurrent multiple target sensing across a wide Wi-Fi frequency band. Furthermore, 3D detection will be enabled by 3D design of the proposed beamforming array. b) A phase shifter-relaxed and control relaxed circuit topology will be developed to steer the multiple beams generated by the proposed matrix network, which facilitates 3D tracking characteristic for passive Wi-Fi sensing with low power consumption, low computation load, low hardware cost, and a compact size. c) A passive injection-locked detection architecture and advanced signal processing algorithms will be invented to meet the high sensitivity and wide dynamic range requirements that challenge conventional sensing approach. Empowered by matrix beamforming, the proposed architecture and signal processing will break the boundary and enable low-power passive sensing of micro-motions. d) A passive/active switchable detection architecture is proposed to support multiple operation modes such as micro-Doppler, frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) and frequency-shift keying (FSK) detection in various application scenarios. e) 3D glass technology, antenna-in-package (AiP), and flexible wearable tags will be developed to integrate a passive Wi-Fi system platform with compact size, low cost, and high performance.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

基于 Wi-Fi 的传感技术正在吸引人们对生命体征监测、手势识别、穿墙成像和室内定位等新兴应用的极大兴趣。然而，最先进的 Wi-Fi 传感系统要么需要对 Wi-Fi 接入点进行修改，要么没有足够的灵敏度/分辨率来可靠地支持长期微运动传感等应用。传统的单模式操作在存在多个人类受试者的情况下也面临挑战。为了应对这些挑战，在该项目中，将开发一种新型多模无源 Wi-Fi 传感系统，利用连续可调矩阵波束形成和多模注入锁定检测技术来改造当前和下一代 Wi-Fi 基础设施，以实现多种传感智能医疗、人机界面、本地化、公共安全和智能生活等应用。所提出的传感系统具有低成本、低功耗、宽动态范围、高灵敏度、连续多目标跟踪和多模式配置、计算量少的特点。该研究成果可能有利于美国的长期健康计划，旨在以最少的硬件成本增加和无需额外的频谱资源，使现代生活和办公环境变得智能。在教育方面，该项目将对 K-12、本科生和弱势群体的教育产生丰富的影响。它还将培养创业思维，并将行业经验融入学生培养中。 该项目重点关注基于现有无线基础设施的无源Wi-Fi传感技术的新创新，以提高其频谱利用效率。具体来说，将追求以下创新： a) 将发明先进的诺伦矩阵波束成形和受群延迟补偿启发的宽带方法，以支持跨宽 Wi-Fi 频带的并发多个目标感测。此外，3D 检测将通过所提出的波束形成阵列的 3D 设计来实现。 b) 将开发移相器松弛和控制松弛的电路拓扑来引导所提出的矩阵网络生成的多个波束，这有助于低功耗、低计算负载、低硬件成本的无源Wi-Fi感测的3D跟踪特性，并且尺寸紧凑。 c) 将发明无源注入锁定检测架构和先进的信号处理算法，以满足对传统传感方法提出挑战的高灵敏度和宽动态范围要求。在矩阵波束形成的支持下，所提出的架构和信号处理将打破边界并实现微运动的低功耗无源传感。 d) 提出了一种无源/有源可切换检测架构，以支持各种应用场景中的微多普勒、调频连续波（FMCW）和频移键控（FSK）检测等多种操作模式。 e) 将开发3D玻璃技术、封装天线（AiP）和柔性可穿戴标签，以集成尺寸紧凑、低成本和高性能的无源Wi-Fi系统平台。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并具有通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

A third-order harmonic radar design for mm-wave frequencies

毫米波频率的三阶谐波雷达设计

• DOI: 10.1117/12.2586111
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Radar Sensor Technology XXV
• 作者: Mishra, Ashish;Li, Changzhi
• 通讯作者: Li, Changzhi

Wind-Induced Displacement Analysis for a Traffic Light Structure Based on a Low-Cost Doppler Radar Array

基于低成本多普勒雷达阵列的交通灯结构风致位移分析

• DOI: 10.1109/tim.2021.3098380
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Rodrigues, Davi V.;Zuo, Delong;Li, Changzhi
• 通讯作者: Li, Changzhi

SMCW Radar for Low IF Sensing Applications

适用于低 IF 传感应用的 SMCW 雷达

• DOI: 10.1109/wisnet53095.2022.9721372
• 发表时间: 2022-01
• 期刊: 2022 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks (WiSNeT
• 作者: Rodriguez, Daniel;Vallejo;Li, Changzhi
• 通讯作者: Li, Changzhi

A C-Band Intermodulation Radar System for Target Motion Discrimination

用于目标运动识别的C波段互调雷达系统

• 发表时间: 2022-01
• 期刊: Sensing Technology: Proceedings of ICST
• 作者: Mishra, A.;Li, C.
• 通讯作者: Li, C.

Hand Gesture Recognition Using FMCW Radar in Multi-Person Scenario

多人场景下FMCW雷达手势识别

• DOI: 10.1109/wisnet51848.2021.9413794
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: 2021 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks (WiSNeT
• 作者: Rodrigues, Davi;Li, Changzhi
• 通讯作者: Li, Changzhi