Doctoral Dissertation Research: Trade and Entanglement in Precolonial Hokkaido: The Formation of the Okhotsk Culture

博士论文研究：殖民前北海道的贸易与纠葛：鄂霍次克文化的形成

• 批准号: 2053348
• 负责人: Ben Fitzhugh
• 金额: $ 5.13万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-01 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2053348&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Trade; Entanglement

This dissertation research examines the impact of trade and culture contact on precolonial foraging societies on Rebun Island in Northern Hokkaido, Japan, and contributes to broader understanding of maritime foraging adaptations in the North Pacific. The proposed work explores the formation of Okhotsk culture, a subarctic maritime-adapted society found along the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk circa 400 to 1000 CE. The PIs hypothesize that the Okhotsk culture arose amidst increased interactions between Epi-Jomon communities in Hokkaido and Susuya communities on Sakhalin Island in the mid-first millennium CE. Okhotsk people became key players in trade networks connecting Japan and mainland Asia, and contributed to the formation of the Indigenous Ainu of Hokkaido, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Patterns in the circulation of non-local materials will shed light on the degree of syncretism among once-distinct cultural traditions, while pottery, burial practices, and household structures will provide data on changing social identities. This research advances global understanding of maritime adaptations and modes of interaction and exchange in the North Pacific, with implications for archaeologists working in coastal and island contexts worldwide.This research will employ two lines of evidence: excavated pottery from the multicomponent site of Hamanaka 2 on Rebun Island, Hokkaido, and the secondary analysis of published data. The Hamanaka 2 pottery assemblages derive from cultural strata dating from the Epi-Jomon to the historic Ainu. The proposed work will seriate pottery from sequential household occupations and build an absolute chronology using thermoluminescence dating. Geochemical analysis of pottery, via X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and plasma-mass spectrometry, will enable the PIs to differentiate clay sources and track trade networks. Thin-section analysis of pottery will provide data on mineral composition, grain size, and porosity. Finally, formal analysis of wall thickness, shape and size will contribute data on production methods. In addition to pottery analysis, the PIs will review archival data and published reports on Epi-Jomon and Okhotsk archaeological sites from North Hokkaido, focusing on burial practices and house structure in order to evaluate degree of social differentiation and markers of social identity.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项论文研究研究了贸易和文化接触对日本北北北部的Rebun Island的贸易和文化接触的影响，并有助于更广泛地了解北太平洋的海上觅食适应。拟议的工作探讨了Ok​​hotsk Culture的形成，Okhotsk Culture是一个亚北极海上适应的社会，在Okhotsk海岸大约400至1000 CE。 PIS假设Okhotsk文化在北海道的Epi-Jomon社区与萨卡林岛的Susuya社区之间的相互作用增加了。 Okhotsk人民成为连接日本和亚洲大陆的贸易网络​​的关键参与者，并为北海道，萨哈林和库里尔群岛的土著艾因努的形成做出了贡献。非本地材料循环中的模式将阐明曾经赋予的文化传统之间的融合程度，而陶器，埋葬实践和家庭结构将提供有关改变社会身份的数据。这项研究促进了全球对北太平洋的海上适应和交流方式的理解，对在全球沿海和岛屿环境中工作的考古学家的影响。这项研究将采用两种证据：来自Rebun Island，Hokkaido，Hokkaido，Hokkaido，hokkaido，hokkaido，septimers operparter of Publisher数据的Hamanaka 2的挖掘陶器。 Hamanaka 2陶器组合源自从Epi-Jomon到历史悠久的Ainu的文化层面。拟议的工作将序列的陶器从连续的家庭职业中序列，并使用热发光日期建立绝对的年代学。通过X射线荧光光谱和血浆质量光谱法对陶器进行地球化学分析将使PIS能够区分粘土来源并跟踪贸易网络。陶器的薄片分析将提供有关矿物成分，晶粒尺寸和孔隙率的数据。最后，对壁厚，形状和大小的正式分析将贡献有关生产方法的数据。除陶器分析外，PIS还将审查北北海道的Epi-Jomon和Okhotsk考古站点的档案数据，重点介绍了埋葬实践和房屋结构，以评估社会认同的社会差异程度和标记。这项奖项颁发了NSF的法规任务，并反映了通过评估范围的构成师生的范围，并具有范围的范围。