Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Detecting Epidemiologic Transitions in Pre-Contact Kodiak

博士论文改进补助金：检测接触前科迪亚克的流行病学转变

• 批准号: 1417609
• 负责人: Ben Fitzhugh
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-15 至 2016-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1417609&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Detecting

Research on the population growth dynamics of past hunter-gatherers has focused mainly on the influence of food availability and scarcity on hunter-gatherer health, fertility, and mortality. Over the last two decades, however, demographic research among contemporary hunter-gatherers has revealed that infectious diseases also influence their health and population growth.This project explores the possibility that the ancestral Alutiit inhabiting the Kodiak Archipelago in the Gulf of Alaska were vulnerable to fish-borne and other gastrointestinal parasites as a result of their heavy reliance on marine and freshwater fish as well as their food preparation and community sanitation practices. As the dietary importance of marine vs. freshwater fish changed over time, and as food preparation and sanitation practices likewise changed, the Alutiit would have been exposed to different parasitic diseases, entailing changes in health and population growth. To evaluate these claims, the co-PI will recover and quantify changes in the relative frequencies of parasite remains preserved in Kodiak archaeological deposits, then compare these results against previous research on changes in Alutiiq food-ways, settlement practices, and population growth records.This project will add to our growing knowledge about hunter-gatherer disease experiences by exploring behavioral and ecological influences on disease and its impact on population growth rates. The project will also illustrate the potential of parasitological analysis to uncover long-term changes in the prevalence of infectious diseases when pursued systematically. Because the lifecycles of these parasites involve many host species beside their human final hosts, this project will also shed further light on the ecology and biogeography of these parasite taxa and their nonhuman hosts.Returning to traditional foods is a major component of many indigenous efforts to revitalize ancestral culture across the northeastern Pacific Rim, including among contemporary Kodiak Alutiit. While the health benefits of this revitalization are proving effective in counteracting degenerative disease epidemics such as diabetes among these communities, traditional foods also pose their own health risks that must be understood so that these can be avoided. This project will provide valuable knowledge about the health importance of fish and food preparation practices in the contemporary Alutiiq diet.

过去的猎人采集者人口增长动态的研究主要集中在粮食可用性和稀缺性对猎人采集者健康，生育和死亡率的影响上。然而，在过去的二十年中，当代狩猎者的人口统计学研究表明，传染病也会影响其健康和人口的增长。该项目探索了居住在阿拉斯加湾的Kodiak Arutiit居住在阿拉斯加湾的Kodiak Arutiit的可能性，这是阿拉斯加墨西哥湾的易受性危险和其他因素的食物，因为他们的食物是他们的繁重的杂种，因为他们是他们的繁重的鱼类旁的杂种，因此准备和社区卫生实践。随着海洋与淡水鱼的饮食重要性随着时间的流逝而发生了变化，随着食物的准备和卫生习惯同样发生了变化，因此，Alutiit将暴露于不同的寄生疾病，从而导致健康和人口增长的变化。为了评估这些主张，Co-Pi将恢复和量化寄生虫的相对频率的变化仍然保留在科迪亚克考古矿床中，然后将这些结果与先前关于阿鲁特里克食品变化，定居点和人口增长的变化的研究进行比较，这将增加对我们对猎人疾病疾病疾病的增长的知识，并探索对疾病的影响以及对疾病的影响以及对疾病的影响，并影响了对疾病的影响，并影响了对疾病的影响，并影响了对疾病的影响，并影响了对疾病的影响。该项目还将说明寄生学分析的潜力，即系统地追求传染病患病率的长期变化。因为这些寄生虫的生命周期涉及许多宿主在他们的人类最终宿主旁边，所以该项目还将进一步阐明这些寄生虫分类群及其非人类宿主的生态学和生物地理学。传统食品是许多土著努力的主要组成部分，以使整个东北太平洋Rimim anceper ancheaster rim anceper ancheaster rim anceper rim ancepore rimary kidiac振兴祖先文化。尽管事实证明，这种振兴的健康益处有效地抵消了这些社区中糖尿病等退化性疾病流行病，但传统食品也构成了自身的健康风险，必须理解，以便可以避免这些风险。该项目将提供有关当代Alutiiq饮食中鱼类和食物制备实践的健康重要性的宝贵知识。