Exploring the role of boundary layer microbial remineralization in flavivirus-host dynamics

探索边界层微生物再矿化在黄病毒-宿主动力学中的作用

• 批准号: 2049225
• 负责人: Ian Hewson
• 金额: $ 77.56万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-15 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2049225&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Exploring; role; boundary; layer; microbial; Exploring; role; boundary; layer; microbial

Marine diseases pose considerable risks to invertebrates, such as sea cucumbers, in the face of changing ocean conditions. While many invertebrate diseases are driven by pathogens, the interplay between animal biology and environmental conditions often mediates the outcome of the pathogen-host relationship. Sea cucumbers are ecologically and economically important animals that occur in a wide range of marine habitats. This project aims to decipher how the interaction between the biology of sea cucumbers, environmental conditions, and a newly-discovered type of virus, seemingly innocuous under typical conditions, may lead to lethal disease in giant Pacific sea cucumbers in the U.S. West Coast. The study includes surveys in coastal regions in southeast Alaska, Washington, and California as well as laboratory experiments manipulating seawater oxygen concentrations, temperature, and simulated microalgal blooms. The project engages community scientists, fishers, high school students, and indigenous groups, and supports training of one graduate and several undergraduate students. A workshop that brings together scientists across marine ecology, disease, and veterinary disciplines is planned to prepare a handbook of best practices in marine disease investigation. Metagenomic and community-level sequencing efforts have revealed an astonishing diversity of viruses associated with grossly normal marine invertebrates. The vast majority of detected viruses likely represents asymptomatic infections under typical conditions but may generate pathology in hosts under changing environmental conditions. This project investigates the ecology of a group of enveloped positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses (flaviviruses) that this research team has recently discovered in the giant California sea cucumber Apostichopus californicus by addressing three hypotheses: 1) Aquatic insect-only Flaviviruses (aiFVs) do not cause gross pathology under typical conditions; 2) aiFVs proliferate and generate clinical and gross pathology under suboxic stress; and 3) Periodic increases in primary production and mean temperature excursions cause aiFV proliferation and subsequently exacerbate holothurian disease process. The study comprises a restricted survey of aiFV diversity via amplicon sequencing and their prevalence within and between populations, development of an antibody-based approach for aiFV detection, and examination of aiFV behavior in concert with host transcription and veterinary pathology. The study includes field surveys and in laboratory manipulative experiments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

面对不断变化的海洋条件，海洋疾病对海参等无脊椎动物构成了很大的风险。尽管许多无脊椎动物疾病是由病原体驱动的，但动物生物学和环境条件之间的相互作用经常介导病原体宿主关系的结果。海参是生态和经济上重要的动物，发生在各种海洋栖息地中。该项目旨在解释海参，环境状况和新发现的病毒的生物学之间的相互作用如何在典型条件下看似无害的病毒，这可能会导致美国西海岸巨型太平洋海参的致命疾病。该研究包括在阿拉斯加东南部，华盛顿和加利福尼亚州的沿海地区进行的调查，以及操纵海水氧气浓度，温度和模拟微藻花的实验室实验。该项目与社区科学家，渔民，高中生和土著群体相关，并支持对一名研究生和几名本科生的培训。计划在海洋生态学，疾病和兽医学科中汇集科学家的讲习班，以准备海洋疾病调查中最佳实践手册。宏基因组学和社区级的测序工作表明，与严重正常的海洋无脊椎动物相关的病毒多样性。绝大多数检测到的病毒可能在典型条件下代表无症状的感染，但可能在不断变化的环境条件下产生病理学。该项目调查了一组包裹的积极意义单链RNA病毒（Flaviviruess）的生态，该研究团队最近在加利福尼亚州巨型海参apostichopus加利福尼亚州发现了三个假设，通过解决三个假设：1）典型的典型条件下，通过典型条件; 2）AIFV在亚氧化应激下增殖并产生临床和总体病理； 3）定期增加初级生产和平均温度偏移导致AIFV增殖，并随后加剧了Holothurian疾病过程。该研究包括对AIFV多样性的限制调查，通过扩增子测序及其在人群内部和人群之间的流行，开发基于抗体的AIFV检测方法以及与宿主转录和兽医病理协同的AIFV行为。该研究包括现场调查和实验室操纵实验。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。