Collaborative Research: Exploiting Geomagnetic Records to Describe Past and Present Ocean Variability

合作研究：利用地磁记录来描述过去和现在的海洋变化

• 批准号: 2048788
• 负责人: Robert Tyler
• 金额: $ 28.3万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Baltimore County
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-15 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2048788&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Exploiting; Geomagnetic; Records

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).The electrically conducting ocean generates electric currents and associated magnetic fields as it flows through the Earth’s magnetic field. These electric currents vary in time with changes in the ocean’s electrical conductivity and velocity, and can be detected remotely by land and satellite magnetometers. There is therefore an opportunity to recover ocean flow and conductivity variability from magnetometer data. Extracted signals are very useful, as they represent depth integrals of conductivity and conductivity transport, which can stand as proxies for heat content and heat transport over the measurement durations – quantities that have been hard to measure with other methods. Magnetometer data come from hundreds of land magnetic observatories (some with hourly data extending back a century) as well as from modern satellite magnetic surveys. The proposed work will extract past ocean variability from long, land geomagnetic observatory records, develop forward models for predicting the oceanic magnetic fields, and ultimately develop data assimilation strategies for both land and satellite observations. This project will examine both fundamental components of ocean electrodynamics and exploit a new data type for monitoring and understanding ocean variability and steric sea-level changes. The electromagnetic field modules in the model used here will be made publicly available. Workshops will be organized to introduce students and early career scientists to analysis of geomagnetic observatory data and its connection to oceanographic applications.Extracting oceanic signals from magnetic data is challenging because the signals are relatively weak and a priori knowledge of the signal is required. This proposal demonstrates method feasibility with preliminary work on a century of ocean tidal variability extracted from the Honolulu geomagnetic observatory data. These independent data confirm a trend toward increasing tidal amplitudes previously found in Honolulu tide gauge data that has been attributed to ocean warming. The Honolulu series will be thoroughly analyzed to optimize the extraction of ocean tidal signals. The methods will be extended to extract other predictable ocean signals there, such as inertial oscillations and interannual oscillations. Similar methods will be applied to geomagnetic observatory data from other locations. Extensions will include canonical-correlation multivariate analyses of data from multiple locations as well as from satellite data and geomagnetic field models. Additional tasks will involve the development and use of forward models to calculate the magnetic (and electric) fields given tidal and circulation ocean model flow. Extracted signals represent depth integrals of conductivity and conductivity transport, useful as proxies for heat content and heat transport over the measurement durations – quantities that have been hard to measure with other methods. Thus, in addition to addressing fundamental components of ocean electrodynamics the proposed work will be useful in exploiting a new data type for monitoring and understanding ocean variability and steric sea-level changes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项的全部或部分资金根据《2021 年美国救援计划法案》（公法 117-2）提供。导电海洋在流经地球磁场时会产生电流和相关磁场。这些电流各不相同。海洋电导率和速度随时间的变化，并且可以通过陆地和卫星磁力计远程检测，因此有机会从磁力计数据中恢复海洋流量和电导率变化。很有用，因为它们代表了电导率和电导率传输的深度积分，可以作为测量期间热含量和热传输的代理——这些量很难用其他方法测量，这些数据来自数百个陆地磁观测站。一些每小时的数据可以追溯到一个世纪前）以及现代卫星磁勘测。拟议的工作将从长期的陆地地磁观测记录中提取过去的海洋变化，开发预测海洋磁场的正演模型，并最终开发数据。该项目将研究海洋电动力学的两个基本组成部分，并利用新的数据类型来监测和理解海洋变化和空间海平面变化。将组织公开研讨会，向学生和早期职业科学家介绍地磁观测数据及其与海洋学应用的联系。从磁数据中提取海洋信号具有挑战性，因为信号相对较弱，而且需要先验知识。该提案通过从檀香山地磁观测站数据中提取的一个世纪的海洋潮汐变化的初步工作证明了该方法的可行性，这些独立数据证实了先前在檀香山潮汐计数据中发现的潮汐幅度增加的趋势，该趋势归因于海洋。将对檀香山系列进行彻底分析，以优化海洋潮汐信号的提取，这些方法将扩展到提取那里可预测的其他海洋信号，例如惯性振荡和年际信号。类似的方法将应用于来自其他地点的地磁观测数据，扩展将包括对来自多个地点以及卫星数据和地磁场模型的数据进行典型相关多元分析。计算给定潮汐和环流海洋模型流的磁场（和电场），提取的信号表示电导率和电导率传输的深度积分，可用作测量中的热含量和热传输的代理。因此，除了解决海洋电动力学的基本组成部分之外，拟议的工作还将有助于利用新的数据类型来监测和理解海洋变化和空间海平面变化。授予 NSF 的法定使命，并通过评估反映使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为值得支持。