RAPID: Impacts of a massive dust storm on a tropical forest

快速：大规模沙尘暴对热带森林的影响

• 批准号: 2040201
• 负责人: William McDowell
• 金额: $ 19.91万
• 依托单位: University of New Hampshire
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-15 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2040201&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Impacts; massive; dust; storm

The movement of dust across the surface of the Earth is an important process that brings nutrients to ecosystems. This process is especially important for tropical ecosystems that are often extremely nutrient limited. While tropical forests in the Northern Hemisphere receive dust inputs annually from the Sahel and Sahara deserts, it is difficult to calculate the quantity of nutrients and the overall effect of the dust because of very low background rates of deposition. A major dust storm was generated in June 2020 from the deserts of North Africa that was transported across the Atlantic Ocean and into the Caribbean. The specific dust storm was estimated to be the biggest in the last fifty years. This event provides an opportunity to study the impacts of dust on tropical ecosystems. The project will quantify the dust inputs, their effect on soil and water quality, and their impacts on a tropical forest. The project will also develop a set of education and training opportunities for under-represented students. Broad dissemination of results will occur through making data available to the public. Multiple peer-reviewed manuscripts will be produced that describe this extreme event and its ecological significance for tropical ecosystems.Dust from the Sahel and Sahara of North Africa provides an annual and reliable source of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous to tropical forests in the Caribbean. This dust is usually deposited in small quantities, but in June 2020 Puerto Rico experienced a large magnitude dust storm. The effects are likely to be significant for biological processes that can be nutrient-limited in highly weathered landscapes. To study these effects, sampling of soil water, wells, and streams will occur at high frequency (weekly) in watersheds of the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. A network of water quality sensors is already in place and will record water quality every 15 minutes, as well as the biotic signatures of stream primary productivity and respiration through changes in dissolved oxygen. These data will be used to test the hypothesis that massive dust inputs alter watershed-scale biogeochemical cycles. To understand the watershed-scale response, these dust inputs will be connected to soil solution and groundwater chemistry, following their subsequent export to the stream network, and the biotic response of the stream ecosystem will be assessed.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

尘埃在地球表面的运动是为生态系统带来营养的重要过程。这个过程对于养分极其有限的热带生态系统尤其重要。虽然北半球的热带森林每年都会从萨赫勒和撒哈拉沙漠接收灰尘输入，但由于背景沉积率非常低，因此很难计算养分的数量和灰尘的总体影响。 2020 年 6 月，北非沙漠产生了一场大型沙尘暴，沙尘暴穿过大西洋进入加勒比海。据估计，这次沙尘暴是过去五十年来最大的一次。该活动提供了研究灰尘对热带生态系统影响的机会。该项目将量化灰尘输入、其对土壤和水质的影响以及对热带森林的影响。该项目还将为代表性不足的学生提供一系列教育和培训机会。通过向公众提供数据，结果将得到广泛传播。将制作多份经过同行评审的手稿，描述这一极端事件及其对热带生态系统的生态意义。来自北非萨赫勒和撒哈拉沙漠的灰尘为加勒比海的热带森林提供了每年可靠的钙、镁和磷来源。这些灰尘通常沉积量很少，但 2020 年 6 月波多黎各经历了一场大规模沙尘暴。对于在高度风化的景观中营养有限的生物过程来说，这种影响可能是显着的。为了研究这些影响，将在波多黎各卢基洛山脉的流域高频次（每周）对土壤水、井和溪流进行采样。水质传感器网络已经到位，每 15 分钟记录一次水质，以及通过溶解氧变化记录河流初级生产力和呼吸的生物特征。这些数据将用于检验大量灰尘输入改变流域规模生物地球化学循环的假设。为了了解流域规模的响应，这些灰尘输入将与土壤溶液和地下水化学联系起来，随后输出到河流网络，并对河流生态系统的生物反应进行评估。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并具有通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Long‐Term Changes in Concentration and Yield of Riverine Dissolved Silicon From the Poles to the Tropics

从两极到热带河流溶解硅浓度和产量的长期变化

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gb007678
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Global Biogeochemical Cycles
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Jankowski, Kathi Jo;Johnson, Keira;Sethna, Lienne;Julian, Paul;Wymore, Adam S.;Shogren, Arial J.;Thomas, Patrick K.;Sullivan, Pamela L.;McKnight, Diane M.;McDowell, William H.
• 通讯作者: McDowell, William H.

Gradients of Anthropogenic Nutrient Enrichment Alter N Composition and DOM Stoichiometry in Freshwater Ecosystems

淡水生态系统中人为养分富集梯度改变氮组成和 DOM 化学计量

• DOI: 10.1029/2021gb006953
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Global Biogeochemical Cycles
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Wymore, Adam S.;Johnes, Penny J.;Bernal, Susana;Brookshire, E. N. Jack;Fazekas, Hannah M.;Helton, Ashley M.;Argerich, Alba;Barnes, Rebecca T.;Coble, Ashley A.;Dodds, Walter K.
• 通讯作者: Dodds, Walter K.

Viewing river corridors through the lens of critical zone science

• DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2023.1147561
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Sustainability
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: A. Wymore;A. Ward;E. Wohl;J. Harvey

Catchment concentration–discharge relationships across temporal scales: A review

• DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1702
• 发表时间: 2023-12
• 期刊: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water
• 作者: Shannon L. Speir;Lucy A. Rose;J. Blaszczak;D. Kincaid;Hannah M. Fazekas;A. J. Webster;Michelle A. Wolford;Arial J. Shogren;A. Wymore

Climate Variability Drives Watersheds Along a Transporter‐Transformer Continuum

气候变化推动了运输机和变压器连续体的分水岭

• DOI: 10.1029/2021gl094050
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Fazekas, Hannah M.;McDowell, William H.;Shanley, James B.;Wymore, Adam S.
• 通讯作者: Wymore, Adam S.