Collaborative Research: Floodplain Management in the United States: Where, Why, and How Policies Have Shaped Flood Exposure Outcomes

合作研究：美国的洪泛区管理：政策在何处、为何以及如何影响洪水暴露结果

• 批准号: 2033929
• 负责人: Miyuki Hino
• 金额: $ 14.9万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2033929&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Floodplain; Management; United

Nearly 41 million Americans are at risk of flooding, and new homes continue to be built in flood-prone areas across the country. Federal, state, and local governments can use a range of policies and programs to limit or reduce construction in floodplains and promote development in safer areas. This award supports research to explore why some communities have been able to use these tools to grow without building in floodplains and why others have not. The researchers develop an index to identify communities who have successfully limited flood-prone development, and use case studies to explore the contexts, actions, and policies that enable towns to successfully limit flood exposure. As climate change leads to more intense storms and higher sea levels, effectively managing development in floodplains is increasingly critical to the health, prosperity, and well-being of communities across the United States. The research will enhance efforts by researchers, policymakers, and the public to build vibrant communities while limiting damage from climate extremes. The project supports collaboration and learning across flood management contexts, as well as the training of a diverse, inclusive next generation of climate adaptation researchers and practitioners.This project has three components. The first step is to measure floodplain development in municipalities across the United States, filling a critical data gap. Using real estate datasets, property buyout locations, and remotely sensed land use information, the net change in housing units and the increase in impervious surface from 2001 to 2016 are tabulated in relation to the regulatory 100-year floodplain. Raw measurements are then converted into development indices by scaling based on the municipality’s exposure to flood risk and total development. By creating standardized measures of floodplain development, this step enables strategic case selection and investigation of communities across a range of floodplain development outcomes, which is not currently possible. Second, patterns in floodplain development outcomes are analyzed using geographic, social, and economic factors. Third, the project will explain why communities differ in floodplain development outcomes using comparative case studies. Specifically, this component examines how the adoption, purpose, and implementation of legal and regulatory tools to avoid or retreat from floodplains shape floodplain development outcomes. Municipalities are selected in pairs: those that have limited floodplain development, and those that have not. Interviews and document analysis are used to assess what legal and regulatory tools were adopted, for what purpose, and how they were implemented, considering both tool design and enforcement. By first creating a way to measure development outcomes, this project provides a unique level of insight into both patterns in floodplain development and how and why legal and regulatory policies influence these outcomes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

近4100万美国人有洪水泛滥的风险，全国易洪水泛滥的地区仍在建造新房屋。联邦，州和地方政府可以使用一系列政策和计划来限制或减少洪泛区的建设并促进安全地区的发展。该奖项支持研究，以探讨为什么有些社区能够使用这些工具来生长而不在洪泛区建造，而其他人没有进行。研究人员开发了一个指数，以确定成功限制洪水泛滥发展的社区，并用用例研究探索使城镇能够成功限制洪水暴露的情况，行动和政策。随着气候变化导致更严重的风暴和更高的海平面，有效地管理洪泛区的发展对于美国社区的健康，繁荣和福祉至关重要。这项研究将加强研究人员，决策者和公众建立充满活力的社区的努力，同时限制极端气候的损害。该项目支持跨洪水管理环境的合作和学习，以及对潜水员，包括的下一代气候适应研究人员和从业人员的培训。该项目有三个组成部分。第一步是衡量美国城市城市的洪泛区发展，填补了关键的数据差距。使用房地产数据集，房地产收购地点以及远程感知的土地用途信息，相对于监管100年的洪泛图，住房单位的净变化以及从2001年到2016年的不透水表面的增加。然后根据文化暴露于洪水风险和全面发展，将原始测量结果转换为开发指数。通过创建洪泛区开发的标准化度量，此步骤可以使战略案例选择和对各种洪泛区发展成果的社区进行调查，目前是不可能的。其次，使用地理，社会和经济因素分析了洪泛区发展结果的模式。第三，该项目将解释为什么使用比较案例研究的洪泛区发展成果的社区不同。具体而言，该组件检查法律和监管工具的采用，目的和实施如何避免或从洪泛区中撤退，塑造了洪泛区的发展结果。市政当局是成对选择的：洪泛区开发有限的城市，以及那些没有洪泛区的人。访谈和文档分析用于评估采用哪些法律和监管工具，以实现什么目的以及如何实施工具，并考虑工具设计和执法。首先，通过创建一种衡量发展成果的方法，该项目提供了对洪泛区开发中这两种模式的独特洞察力，以及如何以及为什么法律和监管策略影响这些成果。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查审查标准来通过评估来诚实地诚实地支持。

项目成果

Growing Safely or Building Risk?: Floodplain Management in North Carolina

安全增长还是增加风险？：北卡罗来纳州的洪泛区管理

• DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2022.2141821
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of the American Planning Association
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Hino, Miyuki;BenDor, Todd K.;Branham, Jordan;Kaza, Nikhil;Sebastian, Antonia;Sweeney, Shane
• 通讯作者: Sweeney, Shane

The administrator’s dilemma: Closing the gap between climate adaptation justice in theory and practice

管理者的困境：缩小气候适应正义理论与实践之间的差距

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2022.08.022
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Environmental Science & Policy
• 影响因子: 6
• 作者: Siders, A.R.