PurSUit: Discovery, characterization, and elucidation of the global patterns and determinants of anaerobic fungal (Neocallimastigomycota) diversity in the herbivorous gut

追求：发现、表征和阐明草食性肠道中厌氧真菌（Neocallimastigomycota）多样性的整体模式和决定因素

• 批准号: 2029478
• 负责人: Mostafa Elshahed
• 金额: $ 76.23万
• 依托单位: Oklahoma State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-10-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2029478&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PurSUit; Discovery; characterization; elucidation; global

Herbivores rely on microorganisms residing in their digestive tracts for breaking down ingested grasses and other feedstock into soluble products. This transformation is achieved by the concerted action of a highly diverse microbial community of bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and fungi. Within such intricate assemblages, members of the anaerobic gut fungi (Neocallimstigomycota) remain the most enigmatic. Compared to their physical neighbors in the herbivorous gut or their phylogenetic neighbors in the fungal tree of life, Neocallimastigomycota diversity, ecological preferences, and evolutionary history is poorly understood. This project aims to discover and characterize novel members of the Neocallimastigomycota by implementing an ambitious sampling scheme covering a broad range of wild and domesticated herbivores. The project will also develop innovative approaches for characterizing Neocallimastigomycota diversity using a combination of culture-based as well as culture-independent strategies. In addition to discovering novel microorganisms, the proposal will elucidate factors controlling the occurrence, abundance, and distribution of the Neocallimastigomycota in the herbivorous gut. The research will contribute to workforce training by involving multiple undergraduates and graduate students in research activities, with special emphasis on recruiting students from minorities (Native Americans, Hispanics, and African Americans) that are underrepresented in science. The researchers will conduct an extensive global-level diversity survey of herbivores that harbor, or putatively harbor, members of the Neocallimastigomycota to fill significant gaps of knowledge regarding their scope of diversity in nature. A broad spatial, temporal and replicate sampling effort will be implemented to fully characterize Neocallimastigomycota diversity on a global scale. The project will provide an updated taxonomic framework for the Neocallimastigomycota, characterize multiple novel taxa, establish minimal and recommended standards for taxa description and naming, establish the utility of novel phylogenetic markers for culture-independent diversity assessments, expand Neocallimastigomycota culture collections, and promote initiatives for storage, sharing, and maintenance of strains. Further, the extensive dataset and associated metadata generated will be utilized by the researchers to address specific questions and hypotheses regarding the ecological and evolutionary drivers shaping Neocallimastigomycota diversity and community structure in herbivores. Specifically, the project will examine the impact of host phylogeny, domestication, host age, and biogeography on Neocallimastigomycota diversity, as well as the evolutionary considerations underpinning Neocallimstigomycota diversity in non-mammalian herbivores.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

食草动物依赖于消化道中的微生物，以将摄入的草和其他原料分解为可溶性产品。高度多样化的细菌，古细菌，原生动物和真菌的微生物群落的一致动作可以实现这种转变。在这种复杂的组合中，厌氧肠道真菌（Neocallimstigomycota）的成员仍然是最神秘的。与他们在生命真菌树中的草食性肠道或系统发育邻居中的身体邻居相比，新可吸引力的多样性，生态偏好和进化史的理解很差。该项目旨在通过实施涵盖广泛的野生和驯养的食草动物的雄心勃勃的采样计划来发现和表征新抗肿瘤菌的新成员。该项目还将开发创新的方法，用于使用基于文化和与文化无关的策略的结合来表征新可塑性菌的多样性。除了发现新的微生物外，该提案还将阐明控制新生膜菌的发生，丰度和分布的因素。这项研究将通过参与研究活动的多名本科生和研究生，特别强调招募来自科学中代表性不足的少数群体（美洲原住民，西班牙裔和非裔美国人）的学生。 研究人员将对藏有或推定的新植物菌落成员的食草动物进行广泛的全球多样性调查，以填补有关其自然界多样性范围的很大知识差距。将实施广泛的空间，时间和复制的抽样工作，以完全表征全球范围内的Neocallimastigomycota多样性。 The project will provide an updated taxonomic framework for the Neocallimastigomycota, characterize multiple novel taxa, establish minimal and recommended standards for taxa description and naming, establish the utility of novel phylogenetic markers for culture-independent diversity assessments, expand Neocallimastigomycota culture collections, and promote initiatives for storage, sharing, and maintenance of strains.此外，研究人员将利用广泛的数据集和相关的元数据来解决有关生态和进化的驱动因素，这些问题和假设构成了食草动物的新抗肿瘤司莫卡特（Neocallimastigomycota）的多样性和社区结构。具体而言，该项目将研究宿主系统发育，驯化，寄主年龄和生物地理学对新迁移术的多样性的影响，以及基于新乳腺菌的多样性的进化考虑因素在非哺乳动物草药中的多样性。这些奖项反映了NSF的智能传教士的依据，这些奖项是通过智力依据的依据，是由NSF的全面影响，其范围的依据是众多的依据。 标准。

项目成果

Testudinimyces gracilis gen. nov, sp. nov. and Astrotestudinimyces divisus gen. nov, sp. nov., two novel, deep-branching anaerobic gut fungal genera from tortoise faeces

细小睾丸菌属

• DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005921
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Pratt, Carrie J.;Chandler, Emily E.;Youssef, Noha H.;Elshahed, Mostafa S.
• 通讯作者: Elshahed, Mostafa S.

Paucimyces polynucleatus gen. nov, sp. nov., a novel polycentric genus of anaerobic gut fungi from the faeces of a wild blackbuck antelope

• DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004832
• 发表时间: 2021-01-01
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Hanafy, Radwa A.;Youssef, Noha H.;Elshahed, Mostafa S.
• 通讯作者: Elshahed, Mostafa S.

Temporal progression of anaerobic fungal communities in dairy calves from birth to maturity

• DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16443
• 发表时间: 2023-06-12
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Jones，Adrienne L.;Clayborn，Jordan;Youssef，Noha H.
• 通讯作者: Youssef，Noha H.

Characterization and rank assignment criteria for the anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigomycota)

厌氧真菌（Neocallimastigomycota）的特征和等级划分标准

• DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005449
• 发表时间: 2022-01-01
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Elshahed, Mostafa S.;Hanafy, Radwa A.;Youssef, Noha H.
• 通讯作者: Youssef, Noha H.

Phylogenomic analysis of the Neocallimastigomycota: Proposal of Caecomycetaceae fam. nov., Piromycetaceae fam. nov., and emended description of the families Neocallimastigaceae and Anaeromycetaceae

• DOI: 10.1101/2022.07.04.498725
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: bioRxiv
• 作者: Radwa A. Hanafy;Yan Wang;J. Stajich;Carrie J Pratt;N. Youssef;Mostafa H. Elshahed