Collaborative Research: Climate effects on Mn oxidation states in soils and Mn/SOM interactions

合作研究：气候对土壤中锰氧化态的影响以及锰/SOM 相互作用

• 批准号: 2027290
• 负责人: Peter Vitousek
• 金额: $ 50.69万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2027290&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Climate; effects; Mn

This research project seeks to understand the role that the element manganese (Mn) plays in driving the degradation of soil organic matter (SOM). Mn takes multiple chemical forms in the soil, depending on oxygen availability and acidity in the soil; some of these forms are more active in driving the degradation of SOM than others. This proposed research will use a combination of high-technology tools to evaluate the forms of Mn, and experiments to evaluate the interactions of these forms with SOM and with the populations and activity of soil bacteria and fungi. The project will also afford research training opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students and opportunities to broaden participation of members of underrepresented groups in science, including community outreach to Native Hawaiians. SOM is the largest pool of potentially active carbon (C) in the biosphere, but much of that C turns over slowly because it is chemically recalcitrant and/or physically protected. Mn can override this recalcitrance, driving SOM breakdown through multiple pathways that relate to its three oxidation states. This project will evaluate how the oxidation state of Mn varies as a function of rainfall, and how the different oxidation states of Mn drive the decomposition of SOM. Fieldwork will take place on a well-defined precipitation gradient in the Hawaiian Islands, on which most potential controls of ecosystem processes can be held relatively constant while climate varies widely (from 300 mm/yr annual precipitation to 3200 mm/yr) and in well-defined ways; it also draws upon information from National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) and other sites to evaluate Mn oxidation states and their implications in a broad range of sites that differ in other factors in addition to precipitation, as a test of the hypothesis that precipitation is the dominant driver of Mn oxidation states and its consequences to SOM stability. This project will build upon an ongoing partnership with a Native Hawaiian community organization (Ulu Mau Puanui [UMP]) that is restoring a traditional agricultural system at the same field sites will be used in this research project. Scientists and students in this project will work with UMP to develop curricula and to reach many of the 600+ learners (about half of whom are Native Hawaiian) who visit the site each year; it will also collaborate with Native Hawaiian scientists to evaluate the role of Mn in traditional Hawaiian agricultural systems. The project will include undergraduate and graduate students who belong to underrepresented groups in science. Finally, the project will take part in a well-established summer program at the University of Wyoming to broaden participation of members of underrepresented groups in science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该研究项目旨在了解锰（MN）在推动土壤有机物降解（SOM）降解中所起的作用。 MN在土壤中采用多种化学形式，具体取决于土壤中的氧气和酸度。其中一些形式比其他形式更活跃地推动SOM的降解。 这项拟议的研究将使用高科技工具的组合来评估MN的形式，并进行了实验，以评估这些形式与SOM以及土壤细菌和真菌的种群和活动的相互作用。 该项目还将为本科和研究生提供研究培训机会，并提供扩大代表性群体不足的科学成员参与的机会，包括与夏威夷原住民的社区宣传。 SOM是生物圈中最大的潜在活性碳（C），但大部分C由于化学上是顽固的和/或物理保护而缓慢地转移的。 MN可以覆盖这种顽强的症状，从而通过与其三个氧化状态有关的多种途径驱动SOM分解。该项目将评估MN的氧化状态如何随降雨的函数而变化，以及MN的不同氧化态如何驱动SOM的分解。 实地调查将在夏威夷群岛的定义明确的降水梯度上进行，在该岛屿上，大多数潜在的生态系统过程控制可以保持相对恒定，而气候变化很大（从300 mm/yr的年度降水量到3200 mm/yr）和以明确定义的方式进行。它还利用来自国家生态观测网络（NEON）和其他部位的信息来评估MN氧化态及其在降水之外其他因素不同的广泛地点的影响，以证明降水是降水是MN氧化态的主要驱动因素及其对SOM稳定性的主要驱动因素。该项目将基于与夏威夷本土社区组织（Ulu Mau Puanui [UMP]）的持续合作伙伴关系，该组织将在该研究项目中使用在同一野外地点恢复传统的农业系统。该项目中的科学家和学生将与UMP合作开发课程，并接触每年访问该地点的600多名学习者（大约一半是夏威夷人）；它还将与夏威夷原住民科学家合作，以评估MN在传统的夏威夷农业系统中的作用。该项目将包括属于科学中代表性不足的本科生和研究生。最后，该项目将参加怀俄明大学一项良好的夏季计划，以扩大代表性不足的科学群体成员的参与。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的审查标准通过评估来进行评估的支持。

项目成果

A “toy model” analysis of causes of nitrogen limitation in terrestrial ecosystems

陆地生态系统氮限制原因的“玩具模型”分析

• DOI: 10.1007/s10533-022-00959-z
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Biogeochemistry
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Vitousek, Peter M.;Treseder, Kathleen K.;Howarth, Robert W.;Menge, Duncan N. L.
• 通讯作者: Menge, Duncan N. L.