ETBC Collaborative Research: Soil thresholds and process domains: controls, distribution, and implications

ETBC 协作研究：土壤阈值和过程域：控制、分布和影响

• 批准号: 1020791
• 负责人: Peter Vitousek
• 金额: $ 72万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-10-01 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1020791&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ETBC; Collaborative; Research; Soil; thresholds

Soils differ substantially in fertility and hence in their suitability for intensive agriculture - especially traditional and low-input forms of intensive agriculture. Often soil fertility and the suite of soil properties and processes that are associated with it change abruptly in space, despite gradual and continuous changes in the factors that influence soil fertility (for example rainfall and soil age). This research models the causes and evaluates the consequences of abrupt changes in soils, and explores their implications for the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems under both natural and agricultural conditions. It builds on an extensive data base of soils from the Hawaiian Islands that includes large differences in the factors that control soils (for example rainfall from 200 mm/yr to 4000 mm/yr, soil age from a few hundred to several million years); this data base includes very clear examples of thresholds in soil properties and processes. In addition, it draws upon a detailed analysis of the distribution and dynamics of Hawaiian agriculture prior to European contact. The modeling effort will iterate between fundamental models of soil developmental processes and this detailed information, seeking to determine how much detail is necessary to model the development of abrupt changes in soils and the regions between them where soil properties are relatively consistent. It will test those models with newly collected soils information in and around pre-contact agricultural systems in Hawaii, and on soils formed from different types of rock in New Zealand.The project will provide fundamental information on the processes that underlie soil fertility, and how they shaped the distribution of intensive agricultural systems in the past (and could contribute to low-input systems today and in the future). Carrying out this research will require integrating information from ecology, soil science, hydrology, geochemistry, and anthropology; hence it will contribute to the conceptual and practical unification of disparate disciplines. It will support two post-doctoral fellows and several undergraduate students --- and those students and postdoctoral fellows will learn how to integrate a broad array of research fields. Finally, this project is closely aligned with ongoing efforts by Native Hawaiian organizations and institutions to understand and to restore the traditional pre-contact agricultural systems of Hawaii, for educational and cultural purposes, and also to learn what those systems can contribute to present and future agricultural sustainability.

土壤在生育率上有很大差异，因此对强化农业的适用性（尤其是传统和低输入形式的强化农业形式）有很大差异。 尽管影响土壤肥力的因素逐渐变化（例如降雨和土壤年龄），但与其在太空中突然变化的土壤生育能力以及与其相关的土壤特性和过程的套件。 这项研究模拟了原因并评估土壤中突然变化的后果，并探讨了它们对在自然和农业条件下陆地生态系统功能的影响。 它建立在夏威夷群岛的土壤的广泛数据库上，其中包括控制土壤的因素（例如，从200 mm/yr到4000 mm/yr的降雨量，土壤年龄从几百万年到数百万年）；该数据库包括土壤特性和过程中阈值的非常清晰的示例。 此外，它详细分析了欧洲接触之前夏威夷农业的分布和动态。建模工作将在土壤发育过程的基本模型和此详细信息之间迭代，以确定对土壤突然变化的发展以及土壤特性相对一致的区域的发展所需的细节。 它将在夏威夷及其周围及周围的土壤信息以及由新西兰的不同类型的岩石形成的土壤中测试这些模型。该项目将提供有关土壤生育能力基础的过程的基本信息，以及它们在过去的较低农业系统中如何塑造了过去的强化农业系统的分布（以及当今的低迷系统和未来）。 进行这项研究将需要整合来自生态学，土壤科学，水文学，地球化学和人类学的信息；因此，它将有助于不同学科的概念和实际统一。 它将支持两个博士后研究员和几名本科生 - 这些学生和博士后研究员将学习如何整合广泛的研究领域。 最后，该项目与夏威夷原住民组织和机构的持续努力紧密相符，以理解和恢复夏威夷传统的接触前农业系统，出于教育和文化目的，并了解这些系统可以为当前和未来的农业可持续性做出贡献。