Collaborative Research: TransANdean Great Orogeny (TANGO)

合作研究：跨安第斯大造山运动（TANGO）

基本信息

批准号：
2021040
负责人：
Steven Roecker
金额：
$ 39.13万
依托单位：
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-08-15 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2021040&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research TransANdean Great Orogeny

项目摘要

Mountain belts form Earth’s highest topography, thus affecting global atmospheric and oceanic circulation, ocean chemistry, biological evolution and ecology. Nevertheless, one of the outstanding scientific question remains: how does plate tectonics produce mountains? One of the largest mountain belts on Earth are the Andes of South America. The Andes are especially important because they span ~70° of latitude across several global climate zones and exert first-order controls on ocean circulation and climate. The Andes also contain some of the highest elevations and thickest crust (upper layer of rock that we live on) on Earth. Yet, there is not a comprehensive framework for understanding how the Andes are formed and how they relate to the subduction zone where the oceanic Nazca plate is descending beneath the western edge of the South America Plate. This project will build a framework incorporating new geologic, geochemical and seismic data to understand the present day structure of the Andes incorporating high resolution seismic images and to evaluate through geologic studies how the Andean Mountains formed and the conditions necessary to build large mountain belts.This project will produce an integrated diverse Earth subsystem (mantle-lithosphere-surface) 3D model based on the Andes and advance our understanding of the dynamics of cordilleran-type orogenic systems and the relative roles of the lithosphere, asthenosphere and lower mantle. The new geologic and geophysical data collected will test existing mantle- and lithosphere-scale models of cordillera mountain building. This research will integrate geophysics, geodynamic modeling, structural geology, basin analysis, petrology and geochemistry to investigate the effects of slab geometry, slab penetration (into the lower mantle), forearc underplating, and the presence or absence of a craton on crustal thickening and surface evolution (subsidence and uplift). This project will evaluate different controls on mountain building, surface uplift and paleo-environments with implications for biodiversity, ocean circulation, climate, and geohazards. Results from this study will aid in a deeper understanding of the interactions between deep Earth and the crustal structure of the Central Andes and the location and behavior of active faults in one of the most seismically active regions of South America, thereby contributing to better seismic hazard assessment. Results from this research will be used to build on an ongoing effort to apply artificial intelligence (AI) to Geosciences. A new student exchange program between the UA and Argentina will enhance international collaborations and provide a unique opportunity for students to learn the geology of the North and South American Cordilleras.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

山脉形成了地球上最高的地形，从而影响了全球大气和海洋环流、海洋化学、生物进化和生态。然而，悬而未决的科学问题之一仍然是：地球上最大的山脉之一是如何形成山脉的？南美洲的安第斯山脉尤其重要，因为它们横跨多个全球气候区，对海洋环流和气候具有一级控制作用，并且还拥有一些海拔最高和最厚的地壳（上层）。然而，目前还没有一个全面的框架来了解安第斯山脉是如何形成的，以及它们与俯冲带（海洋纳斯卡板块在南美洲板块西缘下方下降）的关系。该项目将建立一个结合新的地质、地球化学和地震数据的框架，以结合高分辨率地震图像了解安第斯山脉的当今结构，并通过地质研究评估安第斯山脉的形成方式以及建造大型山脉所需的条件。项目将产生一个基于安第斯山脉的综合多样化地球子系统（地幔-岩石圈-表面）3D模型，并增进我们对科迪勒拉型造山系统动力学以及岩石圈、软流圈和下地幔的相对作用的理解。收集的地球物理数据将测试现有的山脉构造的地幔和岩石圈模型，这项研究将整合地球物理学、地球动力学建模、构造地质学、盆地分析、岩石学和地球化学。研究板片几何形状、板片渗透（进入下地幔）、弧前底侵以及克拉通的存在或不存在对地壳增厚和表面演化（沉降和隆起）的影响。该项目将评估对造山的不同控制，这项研究的结果将有助于更深入地了解地球深处与安第斯山脉中部地壳结构之间的相互作用以及其位置和影响。南美洲地震最活跃地区之一的活动断层的行为，从而有助于更好的地震灾害评估。这项研究的结果将用于将人工智能（AI）应用于地球科学的持续努力。 UA 和阿根廷之间的交流计划将加强国际合作，并为学生提供学习北美和南美科迪勒拉地质学的独特机会。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势进行评估，被认为值得支持以及更广泛的影响审查标准。