Collaborative proposal: Experimental testing of thermoregulatory principles: Re-evaluating ecogeographic rules in living humans

合作提案：体温调节原理的实验测试：重新评估活人的生态地理规则

• 批准号: 2020715
• 负责人: Scott Maddux
• 金额: $ 40.66万
• 依托单位: University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2020715&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; proposal; Experimental; testing; thermoregulatory

Human morphology varies widely around the world, but claims that adaptive benefits of certain physical features contribute to this variation have rarely been experimentally tested. This research will evaluate how differences in head, trunk, and limb anatomy influence the ability of individuals to regulate their internal body temperature when exposed to different environmental conditions, thereby, experimentally testing long-held assumptions regarding patterning of human body form. The investigators will share the results of this project through publications, STEM outreach activities, public talks, and interviews on a nationally recognized podcast. Graduate, undergraduate, and medical students will be trained in data collection and analysis, and field trip demonstrations of the project equipment and methods will be used to expose economically disadvantaged Texas high school students to potential careers in science and medicine. This project will also produce high-quality, whole body CT scans which will be made readily available to other researchers through an online data archive. Finally, this research will shed light on issues important to both the broader scientific community and the general public, including the significance of human biological diversity and the potential implications of global environmental change.This research will experimentally test proposed relationships between thermoregulatory benefits and environmentally patterned variation in human anatomy. While climatic pressures are widely cited as contributing to global variation in human head shape, torso dimensions, limb proportions, and overall body size, specific links between physical features and body function in different environmental conditions have not been experimentally established. Furthermore, studies of adaptation to climate have historically focused on separate regions of the body (e.g. braincase, nose, torso, upper limb, lower limb), with minimal attention to how these different anatomical structures interact with one another to function as a whole. To remedy this, the research uses state-of-the-art technologies, including computed tomography imaging and an environmental chamber simulating different climactic conditions, to measure the physiological responses of physically diverse living participants. Validation of proposed thermoregulatory benefits of specific body forms is essential for guiding future research on adaptation. Further, by employing a whole-body approach, this study will clarify the role of different anatomical regions in overall thermoregulatory function. In sum, this study will explicitly link hard and soft tissue morphology to physiological outcomes, permitting more confident assessment of environmental adaptation in both modern populations and the fossil record.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类形态在世界各地差异很大，但声称某些物理特征的适应性益处有助于这种变异。这项研究将评估头部，躯干和肢体解剖结构的差异如何影响个人在暴露于不同环境条件时调节其内部温度的能力，从而实验测试了关于人体形式模式的长期假设。调查人员将通过出版物，STEM外展活动，公开谈判以及有关全国认可的播客的访谈来分享该项目的结果。研究生，本科生和医学生将接受数据收集和分析的培训，并且将使用项目设备和方法进行实地考察演示，以使经济上处于经济弱势的德克萨斯高中学生接触科学和医学的潜在职业。该项目还将产生高质量的全身CT扫描，并通过在线数据存档为其他研究人员轻松获得。最后，这项研究将揭示对更广泛的科学界和公众重要的问题，包括人类生物多样性的重要性以及全球环境变化的潜在影响。这项研究将实验测试人类解剖学的热管益处与环境模式性变化之间的拟议关系。气候压力被广泛引用是导致人头形状，躯干尺寸，肢体比例和整体身体大小的全球变化，但在不同环境条件下的身体特征与身体功能之间的特定联系尚未实验。此外，对气候适应的研究历史上一直集中在身体的单独区域（例如脑箱，鼻子，躯干，上肢，下肢），对这些不同的解剖结构如何相互相互作用以相互相互作用以使整体发挥作用。为了解决这一问题，该研究使用最先进的技术，包括计算机断层扫描成像和模拟不同高潮条件的环境室，以衡量物理多样化的生活参与者的生理反应。验证特定身体形式的拟议温度调节益处对于指导未来的适应研究至关重要。此外，通过采用全身方法，本研究将阐明不同解剖区域在整体温度调节功能中的作用。总而言之，这项研究将明确将硬性组织和软组织形态与生理结果联系起来，从而使对现代人群和化石记录中环境适应的自信评估更加自信。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响，可以通过评估来进行支持，以审查Criteria。