Collaborative Research: Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation and Environment (ESCAPE)

合作研究：海风对流、气溶胶、降水与环境实验（ESCAPE）

• 批准号: 2019939
• 负责人: Eric Bruning
• 金额: $ 15.76万
• 依托单位: Texas Tech University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2019939&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Experiment; Sea; Breeze

This award provides funding for an observational field experiment in the Houston, Texas area to study clouds and precipitation, and their dependence on environmental factors including small particulates known as aerosols. The Houston region represents a unique region of study, where isolated clouds and thunderstorms are common, there is a sea breeze due to the nearby Gulf of Mexico, and there are specific sources of aerosol due to urban and industrial emissions. The research team will deploy research aircraft, ground based radars, and a variety of other sensors to characterize the environment in and around growing clouds. The data will be analyzed and incorporated into numerical models to answer questions about the role of temperature, moisture, winds, and aerosols in the formation and development of clouds and precipitation. This research will help to improve high-resolution simulations of extreme or high-impact events in highly populated coastal regions. The research will also have wide relevance to climate models, where aerosol/cloud interactions are difficult to simulate. Early career researchers and students will gain experience in conducting observational research. Outreach activities will also provide opportunities for enhanced public awareness of thunderstorm and flooding hazards. The Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation and Environment (ESCAPE) is planned for June and July 2021 in the Houston metropolitan area. ESCAPE will provide measurements that will be used symbiotically with high-resolution models to improve simulations of the lifecycle of isolated convective cells, including the effects of interactive aerosol, microphysical, and kinematic processes on observable cloud, precipitation, and electrification signatures. The research team plans to methodically advance observation-based understanding of fundamental convective cloud processes and aerosol impacts on these processes by deploying a host of instruments in a targeted geographic region. The main airborne platform would be the NSF/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) C-130 research aircraft with a wide range of cloud microphysical measurements. On the ground, the PIs would coordinate multiple radars, radiosondes, swarmsondes, and the Houston Lightning Mapping Array. The campaign will coordinate with the Department of Energy deployment of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement mobile facility and make use of existing measurements of air quality in the Houston area. The observational data would be combined with modeling using WRF and RAMS to address the following science objectives: 1) Investigate the control of meteorology, dynamics, and mixing on aerosol indirect effects on the early growth stage of convective clouds, 2) Characterize the environment and physical processes leading to coastal convective initiation, 3) Determine how mature convective updraft microphysical and kinematic properties relate to those earlier in the cloud lifecycle, its initiation mechanism, and heterogeneities of its parent environment, 4) Quantify environmental thermodynamic and kinematic controls on convective lifecycle properties under different aerosol conditions, 5) Quantify how: a) cold pool properties and lifetimes vary as a function of precipitation amounts and precipitation size distributions, and how are these relationships modulated by the relative humidity, b) what is the impact of aerosol number concentration on cold pool depth and intensity, and c) how do different land-surface types determine the dissipation of cold pools, 6) Characterize how the lightning flash size and energy depends on the modification of the supercooled liquid water content, scale and volume of the mixed-phase updraft, and hydrometeor populations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项为德克萨斯州休斯敦地区的观察现场实验提供了资金，以研究云和降水量，以及它们对环境因素的依赖，包括称为气溶胶的小颗粒。 休斯顿地区代表着一个独特的研究区域，孤立的云层和雷暴很常见，由于附近的墨西哥湾而引起海风，并且由于城市和工业排放而引起的气溶胶来源。 研究小组将部署研究飞机，基于地面的雷达以及各种其他传感器，以表征不断增长的云层和周围环境。 数据将进行分析并纳入数值模型，以回答有关温度，水分，风和气溶胶在云和降水的形成和发展中的作用的问题。 这项研究将有助于改善人口稠密的沿海地区对极端或高影响事件的高分辨率模拟。 这项研究还将与气溶胶/云相互作用很难模拟的气候模型具有广泛的相关性。 早期的职业研究人员和学生将获得进行观察研究的经验。 外展活动还将为提高公众对雷暴和洪水危害的认识提供机会。 计划在休斯敦大都会地区举行的海风对流，气溶胶，降水和环境（逃生）的实验。 Escape将提供测量值，这些测量将与高分辨率模型共生，以改善分离对流细胞的生命周期的模拟，包括相互作用的气溶胶，微物理和运动学过程对可观察到的云，降水和电化签名的影响。 研究小组计划通过在目标地理区域中部署大量工具来有条不紊地基于观察的基本对流云过程和气溶胶对这些过程的影响。 主要的空降平台将是NSF/国家大气研究中心（NCAR）C-130研究飞机，具有广泛的云微物理测量。 在地面上，PI将协调多个雷达，辐射，臂章和休斯顿闪电映射阵列。 该活动将与大气辐射测量移动设施的能源部署部协调，并利用休斯顿地区的空气质量测量。 观察数据将与使用WRF和RAM进行建模以解决以下科学目标：1）调查气象学，动力学和对气溶胶间接影响的控制对对流云的早期增长阶段的影响，2）表征环境和物理过程，表征导致沿海对流的启动的环境和物理过程，3）确定对这些对众所周知的自然层次和KERATER的概述，确定众多的概述，以使其对众多的概念进行估算，以使其对众多概述构成众多的估计，并确定对沿海的概述，并确定对沿海的概述，并确定众多的次数，以使其对众多构图相互作用。 4）4）在不同的气溶胶条件下对对流生命周期性能的环境热力学和运动学控制量化，5）量化如何： c) how do different land-surface types determine the dissipation of cold pools, 6) Characterize how the lightning flash size and energy depends on the modification of the supercooled liquid water content, scale and volume of the mixed-phase updraft, and hydrometeor populations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

项目成果

Houston Lightning Mapping Array (HLMA) Flash-level data. Version 1.0

休斯顿闪电测绘阵列 (HLMA) 闪存级数据。

• DOI: 10.26023/gbks-e7vt-hs11
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: UCAR/NCAR - Earth Observing Laboratory
• 作者: Logan, T.;Bruning, E.;Brunner, K.;Souza, J.;UCAR/NCAR - Earth Observing Laboratory, [e-mail]
• 通讯作者: UCAR/NCAR - Earth Observing Laboratory, [e-mail]